1.清华大学镜像获取安装介质

[alex@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压，重命名文件
[alex@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[alex@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql57

创建mysql 配置文件 my.cnf
[client]
port = 3307  
socket=/home/alex/mysql57/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3307  
socket=/home/alex/mysql57/mysql.sock
basedir=/home/alex/mysql57 
datadir=/home/alex/mysql57/data

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/home/alex/mysql57/mysqld.log


初始化mysqld

[alex@bigdata-senior01 mysql57]$ ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=alex --basedir=/home/alex/mysql57 --datadir=/home/alex/mysql57/data
2021-10-20T15:07:05.763306Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2021-10-20T15:07:05.763433Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
2021-10-20T15:07:05.763664Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-20T15:07:06.184424Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-20T15:07:06.269196Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-20T15:07:06.458594Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 63c9c249-31b7-11ec-8abc-000c297248d1.
2021-10-20T15:07:06.460188Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-20T15:07:06.915565Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2021-10-20T15:07:06.915595Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2021-10-20T15:07:06.917387Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-20T15:07:07.179025Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: >n7y1Cb9>a<v

[alex@bigdata-senior01 bin]$ ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/alex/mysql57/my.cnf
2021-10-20T15:11:14.391459Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/alex/mysql57/mysqld.log'.
2021-10-20T15:11:14.479135Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/alex/mysql57/data

[alex@bigdata-senior01 mysql57]$ ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set password = password('alex');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[alex@bigdata-senior01 mysql57]$ ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.36    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>