一、AOP是什么
AOP(面向切面编程),可以说是一种编程思想,其中的Spring AOP和AspectJ都是现实了这种编程思想。相对OOP(面向过程编程)来说,提供了另外一种编程方式,对于OOP过程中产生的横切性问题,这些横切性与业务无关,可以通过预编译方式和运行期动态代理来实现。比如可以应用在:日志记录、性能监控、事务管理等。
二、AOP的基本概念
Aspect(切面):通常来说是一个类,里面定义了切点和通知,Spring AOP中可以用@AspectJ来标注这个类是切面;
Join point(连接点):可以理解成目标对象中的方法,该方法是要被增强的方法,也就是我们要作用的一个切入点;
Pointcut(切点):切点可以理解成连接点的集合;
Target object(目标对象):被代理的对象,也就是目标对象;
AOP proxy(代理对象):把被代理的对象织入了增强后的对象;
Weaving(织入):把增强也就是代理逻辑加入到目标对象上的过程;
Advice(通知):用于指定在特定连接点上的增强的位置;
① Before advice(前置通知):在目标方法被调用之前调用通知;
② After returning advice(返回通知):在目标方法成功执行之后调用通知;
③ After throwing advice(异常通知):在目标方法抛出异常后调用通知;
④ After (finally) advice(后置通知):在目标方法完成之后调用通知(不论是否出现异常都会执行,finally中调用);
⑤ Around advice(环绕通知):围绕连接点(目标方法)的通知。可以在方法调用前后执行自定义行为;
三、代理的实现方式
我们知道AOP可以通过预编译的方式和运行期动态代理来实现,那么代理的实现方式有哪些呢?
我们定义一个接口类:UserService
package com.toby.service; /**
* @desc: user 业务接口类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:28
*/
public interface UserService {
/**
* 添加
*/
void add(); /**
* say hello
* @param name
* @return
*/
String say(String name);
}
在定义一个实现类UserServiceImpl
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /**
* @desc: user业务的实现类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:29
*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法");
} @Override
public String say(String name) {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name);
return "hello " + name;
}
}
第一种:静态代理
定义一个静态代理类,需要实现UserService接口:
package com.toby.proxy; import com.toby.service.UserService; /**
* @desc: 静态代理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:30
*/
public class StaticProxy implements UserService { private UserService userService; public StaticProxy(UserService userService){
this.userService = userService;
} @Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("添加日志开始");
userService.add();
System.out.println("添加日志结束");
} @Override
public String say(String name) {
return "";
}
}
第二种:Jdk动态代理
package com.toby.proxy; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; /**
* @desc: JDK动态代理 实现一个接口:InvocationHandler
* JDK的动态代理机制只能代理实现了接口的类,而没有实现接口的类就不能实现JDK的动态代理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:34
*/
public class JdkDynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler {
/**
* 目标对象
*/
private Object targetObject; public Object createJdkProxy(final Object targetObject){
this.targetObject = targetObject;
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.targetObject.getClass().getClassLoader(),
this.targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces(),this);
} @Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
//写对应的增强代码
System.out.println("Jdk日志记录开始");
//调用真正的业务方法
Object obj = method.invoke(this.targetObject,args);
System.out.println("Jdk日志记录结束");
return obj;
}
}
第三种:Cglib动态代理
package com.toby.proxy; import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /**
* @desc: CGLIB动态代理 cglib是针对类来实现代理的,他的原理是对指定的目标类生成一个子类,
* 并覆盖其中方法实现增强,但因为采用的是继承,所以不能对final修饰的类进行代理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:43
*/
public class CglibDynamicProxy implements MethodInterceptor { /**
* 目标对象
*/
private Object targetObject; /**
* 创建Cglib动态代理
* @param targetObject
* @return
*/
public Object createCglibDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject){
this.targetObject = targetObject;
//Cglib中的核心对象,该类用于生成代理对象
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
//指定委托类也就是目标对象为父类
enhancer.setSuperclass(this.targetObject.getClass());
//使用代理,需要一个对应的代理对象
enhancer.setCallback(this);
return enhancer.create();
} @Override
public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("CGLIB日志记录开始");
//委托类变成了父类。调用真正的服务提供者
Object obj = methodProxy.invoke(this.targetObject,args);
System.out.println("CGLIB日志记录结束");
return obj;
}
}
JDK代理的实现方式是基于接口实现,代理类继承Proxy,实现接口。而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现;这就是为什么JDK动态代理需要实现接口的原因?Java是单继承
下面定义一个字节码生成器ByteCodeGenerator来一看究竟:
package com.toby.proxy.generator; import com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator; import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.nio.file.Files; /**
* @desc: 字节码生成器
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 0:05
*/
public class ByteCodeGenerator {
/**
* 根据目标对象生成字节码(Jdk)
* @param target
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> byte[] generatorByteCodeByJdkProxy(T target){
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
byte [] codes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("Proxy$"+target.getClass().getName(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),accessFlags);
return codes;
} /**
* 根据目标对象生成字节码(Cglib)
* @param target
* @param <T>
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> byte[] generatorByteCodeByCglib(final T target) throws Exception {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(target.getClass());
enhancer.setCallback((MethodInterceptor) (o, method, objects, methodProxy) -> methodProxy.invoke(target,objects));
enhancer.create();
byte [] codes = enhancer.getStrategy().generate(enhancer);
return codes;
} public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* 测试jdk
*/
try {
byte [] codes = ByteCodeGenerator.generatorByteCodeByJdkProxy(new UserServiceImpl());
File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/spring-aop/target/Proxy$UserServiceImpl.class");
Files.write(file.toPath(),codes);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 测试cglib
*/
try {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/spring-aop/target/Cglib$UserServiceImpl.class");
out.write(ByteCodeGenerator.generatorByteCodeByCglib(new UserServiceImpl()));
out.flush();
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Jdk生成的动态代理字节码:
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
// package Proxy$com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.service.UserService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException; public final class UserServiceImpl extends Proxy implements UserService {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0; public UserServiceImpl(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
} public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
} public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
} public final void add() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
} public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
} static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
m3 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.UserService").getMethod("add");
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
Cglib生成动态代理的字节码:
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
// package com.toby.service.impl; import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils;
import org.springframework.cglib.core.Signature;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Callback;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Factory;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy; public class UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df extends UserServiceImpl implements Factory {
private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
private static final Method CGLIB$add$0$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$add$0$Proxy;
private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy; static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK2() {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
Class var0 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df");
Class var1;
Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0];
CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1");
CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1];
CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2");
CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2];
CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3");
CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3];
CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4");
CGLIB$add$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"add", "()V"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl")).getDeclaredMethods())[0];
CGLIB$add$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()V", "add", "CGLIB$add$0");
} final void CGLIB$add$0() {
super.add();
} public final void add() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (var10000 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
} if (var10000 != null) {
var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$add$0$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$add$0$Proxy);
} else {
super.add();
}
} final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) {
return super.equals(var1);
} public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (var10000 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
} if (var10000 != null) {
Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy);
return var2 == null ? false : (Boolean)var2;
} else {
return super.equals(var1);
}
} final String CGLIB$toString$2() {
return super.toString();
} public final String toString() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (var10000 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
} return var10000 != null ? (String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy) : super.toString();
} final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() {
return super.hashCode();
} public final int hashCode() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (var10000 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
} if (var10000 != null) {
Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy);
return var1 == null ? 0 : ((Number)var1).intValue();
} else {
return super.hashCode();
}
} final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
} protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (var10000 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
} return var10000 != null ? var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy) : super.clone();
} public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
String var10000 = var0.toString();
switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
case -1422568652:
if (var10000.equals("add()V")) {
return CGLIB$add$0$Proxy;
}
break;
case -508378822:
if (var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1826985398:
if (var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1913648695:
if (var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1984935277:
if (var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
}
} return null;
} public UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
} public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
} public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
} private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var1 = (UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df)var0;
if (!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
if (var10000 == null) {
var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
if (var10000 == null) {
return;
}
} var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
} } public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
} public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
} public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$b26297df;
switch(var1.length) {
case 0:
var10000.<init>();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
}
} public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
MethodInterceptor var10000;
switch(var1) {
case 0:
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
break;
default:
var10000 = null;
} return var10000;
} public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
switch(var1) {
case 0:
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
default:
}
} public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
} public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
} static {
CGLIB$STATICHOOK2();
}
}
第四种:Javassist动态代理(在动态字节码插桩详解)
① 定义一个JavassistDynamicProxy实现Javassist动态代理:
package com.toby.proxy; import javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory;
import javassist.util.proxy.ProxyObject; /**
* @desc: javassist
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/15 20:22
*/
public class JavassistDynamicProxy { /**
* 创建Javassist动态代理
* @param targetObject
* @throws Exception
* @return
*/
public Object createJavassistDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject)throws Exception {
ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory();
factory.setInterfaces(targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces());
Class<?> proxyClass = factory.createClass();
Object javassistProxy = proxyClass.newInstance();
((ProxyObject)javassistProxy).setHandler((self,thisMethod,proceed,args)-> {
//写对应的增强代码
System.out.println("Javassist日志记录开始");
//调用真正的业务方法
Object obj = thisMethod.invoke(targetObject,args);
System.out.println("Javassist日志记录结束");
return obj;
});
return javassistProxy;
}
}
② 定义一个JavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy实现Javassist动态代理:
package com.toby.proxy; import javassist.*; import java.lang.reflect.Field; /**
* @desc: javassist 字节码动态代理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/15 20:42
*/
public class JavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy { /**
* 创建Javassist字节码动态代理
* @param targetObject
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Object createJavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy(final Object targetObject) throws Exception {
ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault();
CtClass proxyClass = pool.makeClass("JavassistProxy" + "&" +targetObject.getClass().getName());
proxyClass.addInterface(pool.get(targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].getName()));
proxyClass.addConstructor(CtNewConstructor.defaultConstructor(proxyClass));
proxyClass.addField(CtField.make("private " + targetObject.getClass().getName() + " targetObject;", proxyClass));
proxyClass.addMethod(CtNewMethod.make("public void add() { \n" +
"System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码日志记录开始\");\n" +
"targetObject.add();\n" +
"System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码日志记录结束\");\n"+
"}", proxyClass));
Class<?> clazz = proxyClass.toClass();
Object bytecodeProxy = clazz.newInstance();
Field field = bytecodeProxy.getClass().getDeclaredField("targetObject");
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(bytecodeProxy,targetObject);
return bytecodeProxy;
} /**
* 创建Javassist字节码动态代理2
* @param targetObject
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Object createJavassistBytecodeDynamicProxy2(final Object targetObject) throws Exception {
ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault();
pool.appendSystemPath();
CtClass ctl = pool.get(targetObject.getClass().getName());
ctl.setName("JavassistProxy" + "&" + targetObject.getClass().getName());
CtMethod ctMethod = ctl.getDeclaredMethod("add");
ctMethod.insertBefore("System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码2日志记录开始\");");
ctMethod.insertAfter("System.out.println(\"Javassist字节码2日志记录结束\");");
Class<?> clazz = ctl.toClass();
Object bytecodeProxy = clazz.newInstance();
return bytecodeProxy;
}
}
四、Spring AOP
Spring AOP提供两种编程风格,详细用法见Spring官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-aspectj-support
① @AspectJ support(利用aspectj的注解)
② Schema-based AOP support(基于xml aop:config命名空间)
启用@AspectJ支持
① 使用Java Configuration启用@AspectJ支持:要使用Java @Configuration启用@AspectJ支持,要添加@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注释:
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class AppConfig { }
② 使用XML配置启用@AspectJ支持:要使用基于xml的配置启用@AspectJ支持,可以使用aop:aspectj-autoproxy元素
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
声明一个Aspect
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect {
}
声明一个Pointcut
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.service.UserService.*(..))")//the pointcut expression
public void pointCutExecution(){}//the pointcut signature
Spring AOP支持的9种切入点表达式
① execution:execution用于匹配方法执行 join points连接点,最小粒度方法
execution(modifiers-pattern? ret-type-pattern declaring-type-pattern?name-pattern(param-pattern) throws-pattern?)
这里问号表示当前项可以有也可以没有,其中各项的语义如下
modifiers-pattern:方法的可见性,如public,protected;
ret-type-pattern:方法的返回值类型,如int,void等;
declaring-type-pattern:方法所在类的全路径名,如com.spring.Aspect;
name-pattern:方法名类型,如buisinessService();
param-pattern:方法的参数类型,如java.lang.String;
throws-pattern:方法抛出的异常类型,如java.lang.Exception;
example:
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的任意方法
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.toby.dao.*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的public方法
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.toby.dao.*.*())")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的public 无方法参数的方法
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String, ..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的第一个参数为String类型的方法
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的只有一个参数,且参数为String类型的方法
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.*.*(java.lang.String))")//匹配com.toby.dao包下的任意接口和类的只有一个参数,且参数为String类型的方法
@Pointcut("execution(public * *(..))")//匹配任意的public方法
@Pointcut("execution(* te*(..))")//匹配任意的以te开头的方法
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao.IndexDao.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao.IndexDao接口中任意的方法
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.dao..*.*(..))")//匹配com.toby.dao包及其子包中任意的方法
关于这个表达式的详细写法,可以参考官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-pointcuts-examples
定义一个AopConfig配置类:
package com.toby.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy; /**
* @desc: aop配置类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 23:48
*/
@Configuration
/**
* 此处需要注意的是,如果配置设置proxyTargetClass=false,或默认为false,则是用JDK代理,否则使用的是CGLIB代理
* JDK代理的实现方式是基于接口实现,代理类继承Proxy,实现接口。而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现。
* 所以使用target会保证目标不变,匹配目标对象不会受到这个设置的影响。
* 但是使用this时,会根据该选项的设置,CGLIB this可以代理原因是继承了被代理的对象也就是目标对象,JDK的this就不能被代理了。
*/
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
@ComponentScan(basePackages="com.toby")
public class AopConfig {
}
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* For matching method execution join points. This is the primary pointcut designator to use when working with Spring AOP.
* execution用于匹配方法执行 join points连接点,最小粒度方法
* 详细用法参考:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-pointcuts-examples
*/
@Pointcut("execution(* com.toby.service.UserService.*(..))")
public void pointCutExecution(){} @Before("pointCutExecution()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutExecution()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
定义一个启动测试类AopMain(下同):
package com.toby; import com.toby.config.AopConfig;
import com.toby.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /**
* @desc: aop启动类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 23:50
*/
public class AopMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AopConfig.class);
UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.say("toby");
}
}
运行结果如下:
② within:用于匹配指定类型内的方法执行, within与execution相比,粒度更大,仅能实现到包和接口、类级别。而execution可以精确到方法的返回值,参数个数、修饰符、参数类型等。
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points within certain types (the execution of a method declared within a matching type when using Spring AOP).
* 用于匹配指定类型内的方法执行, within与execution相比,粒度更大,仅能实现到包和接口、类级别。而execution可以精确到方法的返回值,参数个数、修饰符、参数类型等
*/
@Pointcut("within(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)")
public void pointCutWithin(){} @Before("pointCutWithin()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutWithin()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
运行结果如下:
③ this:用于匹配当前AOP代理对象类型的执行方法;注意是AOP代理对象的类型匹配
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the bean reference (Spring AOP proxy) is an instance of the given type.
* 用于匹配当前AOP代理对象类型的执行方法;注意是AOP代理对象的类型匹配
*/
@Pointcut("this(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)")
public void pointCutThis(){} @Before("pointCutThis()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutThis()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true),则用CGLIB代理,而CGLIB继承被代理的类来实现,所以this能匹配到,运行结果:
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy,默认proxyTargetClass = false,如果基于接口则用JDK代理,所以this匹配不到,运行结果:
④ target:用于匹配当前目标对象类型的执行方法
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the target object (application object being proxied) is an instance of the given type.
* 用于匹配当前目标对象类型的执行方法
*/
@Pointcut("target(com.toby.service.impl.UserServiceImpl)")
public void pointCutTarget(){} @Before("pointCutTarget()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutTarget()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
运行结果如下:
⑤ args:用于匹配当前执行的方法传入的参数为指定类型的执行方法
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the arguments are instances of the given types.
* 用于匹配当前执行的方法传入的参数为指定类型的执行方法
*/
@Pointcut("args(java.lang.String)")
public void pointCutArgs(){} @Before("pointCutArgs()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutArgs()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
定义一个启动测试类AopMain:
package com.toby; import com.toby.config.AopConfig;
import com.toby.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /**
* @desc: aop启动类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 23:50
*/
public class AopMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AopConfig.class);
UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);
//不能被增强
userService.add();
//能被增强 匹配到了参数String类型
userService.say("toby");
}
}
运行结果如下:
⑥ @target:匹配目标对象类型是否有指定的注解
定义目标对象UserServiceImpl如下:
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.anno.Toby;
import com.toby.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /**
* @desc: user业务的实现类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:29
*/
@Service
@Toby
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法");
} @Override
public String say(String name) {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name);
return "hello " + name;
}
}
定义一个注解Log:
package com.toby.anno; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target; /**
* @desc: 日志注解
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 23:06
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Log {
}
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points (the execution of methods when using Spring AOP) where the class of the executing object has an annotation of the given type.
* 用于匹配目标对象类型是否有指定的注解
*/
@Pointcut("@target(com.toby.anno.Log)")
public void pointCutTargetAnno(){} @Before("pointCutTargetAnno()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutTargetAnno()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
运行结果如下:
⑦ @args:匹配方法参数所属的类型上有指定的注解(例子略)
⑧ @within:用于匹配所持有指定注解类型内的所以连接点也就是方法(例子略)
⑨ @annotation:用于匹配当前执行方法持有指定注解的方法(注解作用在方法上面)
定义目标对象UserServiceImpl如下:
package com.toby.service.impl; import com.toby.anno.Log;
import com.toby.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /**
* @desc: user业务的实现类
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/4 23:29
*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的add方法");
} @Override
@Log
public String say(String name) {
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl的say方法 args = " + name);
return "hello " + name;
}
}
定义一个UserAspect:
package com.toby.aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* @desc: 用户切面,该切面一定要交给spring容器管理
* @author: toby
* @date: 2019/8/5 22:56
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class UserAspect { /**
* Limits matching to join points where the subject of the join point (the method being executed in Spring AOP) has the given annotation.
* 用于匹配当前执行方法持有指定注解的方法(注解作用在方法上面);
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.toby.anno.Log)")
public void pointCutAnno(){} @Before("pointCutAnno()")
public void before(){
System.out.println("--------before--------");
} @After("pointCutAnno()")
public void after(){
System.out.println("--------after--------");
}
}
运行结果发现:userService.add();//不能被增强 userService.say("toby");//能被增强,因为say方法上有@Log注解;
总结:本章讲解了Spring AOP的核心概念和应用场景,Spring AOP可以帮我们解决编程过程中的一些横切性问题,比如我们要记录日志,事务管理,性能监控,权限认证等。使的这些问题能和我们业务逻辑分开,达到了解耦的目的,代码的重用性更高。如何声明一个Aspect,声明一个Pointcut以及Spring AOP支持的9种切入点表达式。Spring AOP的代理方式有2种,一个是JDK一个CGLIB,如果配置设置proxyTargetClass=false,或默认为false,则是用JDK代理,否则使用的是CGLIB代理,注意JDK动态代理必须实现接口,否则还是会走CGLIB动态代理。(后续的源码解析会分析到原因),Spring系列完整代码在码云:spring系列