蜕变成蝶~Linux设备驱动之watchdog设备驱动

2021-11-15 21:34:02

　看门狗（watchdog ）分硬件看门狗和软件看门狗。硬件看门狗是利用一个定时器电路，其定时输出连接到电路的复位端，程序在一定时间范围内对定时器清零（俗称 “喂狗”），如果程序出现故障，不在定时周期内复位看门狗，就使得看门狗定时器溢出产生复位信号并重启系统。软件看门狗原理上一样，只是将硬件电路上的定时器用处理器的内部定时器代替。

1 看门狗的三个寄存器

1.1 watchdog原理

　　S3C2410内部集成了watchdog，提供3 个寄存器对watchdog 进行操作，这3 个寄存器分别为WTCON （watchdog 控制寄存器）、WTDAT （watchdog 数据寄存器）和WTCNT(watchdog 记数寄存器) S3c2440的看门狗的原理框图如下：

　　可以看到，看门狗定时器的频率由PCLK提供，其预分频器最大取值为255+1；另外，通过MUX，可以进一步降低频率。定时器采用递减模式，一旦到0，则可以触发看门狗中断以及RESET复位信号。看门狗定时器的频率的计算公式如下：

t_watchdog = 1/[PCLK/(Prescaler value + 1)/Division_factor]

1.2 开启S3C2410 的看门狗

void enable watchdog ()

     { 

       rWTCON = WTCON DIV64 | WTCON RSTEN;//64分频、开启复位信号

       rWTDAT = 0x8000;//计数目标 

       rWTCON |= WTCON ENABLE;//开启看门狗

      }

1.3 S3C2410 的看门狗 “喂狗”

void feed dog ()

{

    rWTCNT=0x8000;

}

1.4 看门狗的使用例程

void main () 

     { 

       init system (); 

       ... 

       enable watchdog ();//启动看门狗 

       ... 

       while (1) 

       { 

          ... 

         feed dog (); //喂狗 

      } 

    }

2 watchdog中的数据结

　　有一类设备被称为 “平台设备”，通常 SoC 系统中集成的独立的外设单元都被当作平台设备处理

2.1 platform_device 结构体

struct platform device 

     { 

       const char  * name;//设备名 

       u32      id; 

       struct device dev; 

       u32      num resources;//设备所使用各类资源数量 

       struct resource * resource;//资源 

     };

2.2 S3C2410 中的平台设备

struct platform device *s3c24xx uart devs[];

struct platform device s3c device usb; //USB 控制器 

       struct platform device s3c device lcd; //LCD 控制器 

       struct platform device s3c device wdt; //看门狗

                                                       2 

       struct platform device s3c device i2c; //I C 控制器 

       struct platform device s3c device iis; //IIS 

       struct platform device s3c device rtc; //实时钟

        ... 

      /*SMDK2410开发板使用的平台设备*/ 

      static struct platform device *smdk2410 devices[]  initdata = 

      { 

         &s3c device usb, //USB 

         &s3c device lcd, //LCD 

         &s3c device wdt, //看门狗 

         &s3c device i2c, //I C

         &s3c device iis,  //IIS 

      };

2.3 S3C2410 看门狗的platform_device 结构体

struct platform device s3c device wdt = 

      { 

        .name = "s3c2410-wdt",  //设备名 

        .id =  - 1, . 

       num resources = ARRAY SIZE (s3c wdt resource),  //资源数量 

        .resource = s3c wdt resource,  //看门狗所使用资源 

      };

2.4 int platform_add_devices()函数

int platform add devices(struct platform device **devs, int num) 

      { 

        int i, ret = 0; 

        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) 

         {

ret = platform device register(devs[i]);/*注册平台设备*/ 

          if (ret) /*注册失败*/ 

          { 

           while (--i >= 0) 

              platform device unregister(devs[i]);/*注销已经注册的平台设备 */ 

           break; 

         } 

        } 

       return ret; 

     }

2.5 platform_driver 结构体

struct platform driver

      { 

        int (*probe)(struct platform device *);//探测 

        int (*remove)(struct platform device *);//移除 

       void (*shutdown)(struct platform device *);//关闭 

        int (*suspend)(struct platform device *, pm message t state);// 挂起 

        int (*resume)(struct platform device *);//恢复 

        struct device driver driver; 

       };

2.6 S3C2410 看门狗的platform_driver 结构体

static struct platform driver s3c2410wdt driver = 

      { 

       .probe      = s3c2410wdt probe,//S3C2410看门狗探测 

       .remove     = s3c2410wdt remove,// S3C2410看门狗移除 

       .shutdown   = s3c2410wdt shutdown,//S3C2410看门狗关闭 

       .suspend    = s3c2410wdt suspend,//S3C2410看门狗挂起 

        .resume     = s3c2410wdt resume, //S3C2410看门狗恢复 

        .driver     = { 

            .owner  = THIS MODULE, 

           .name   = "s3c2410-wdt",//设备名 

      },

}；

2.7 S3C2410 看门狗所用资源

static struct resource s3c wdt resource[] = 

       { 

         [0] = 

        { 

          .start = S3C24XX PA WATCHDOG,     //看门狗I/O 内存开始位置 

         .end = S3C24XX PA WATCHDOG + S3C24XX SZ WATCHDOG - 1, 

              //看门狗I/O 内存结束位置 

          .flags = IORESOURCE MEM,  //I/O 内存资源 

        } , 

        [1] = 

       { 

         .start = IRQ WDT, //看门狗开始IRQ 号 

         .end = IRQ WDT, //看门狗结束IRQ 号 

         .flags = IORESOURCE IRQ,  //IRQ 资源 

        } 

      };

2.8 S3C2410 看门狗驱动的miscdevice 结构体

 static struct miscdevice s3c2410wdt miscdev =

 { 

        .minor      = WATCHDOG MINOR,//次设备号 

        .name       = "watchdog", 

       .fops       = &s3c2410wdt fops,//文件操作结构体 

};

2.9 S3C2410 看门狗驱动的文件操作结构体

static struct file operations s3c2410wdt fops =

{ 

        .owner      = THIS MODULE, 

        .llseek     = no llseek,    //seek 

        .write      = s3c2410wdt write,     //写函数 

        .ioctl      = s3c2410wdt ioctl, //ioctl 函数 

        .open       = s3c2410wdt open,  //打开函数 

        .release    = s3c2410wdt release,//释放函数 

};

3 加载和卸载函数

　　驱动模块的加载和卸载函数分别用 platform_driver_register() 和 platform_driver_ unregister()注册和注销platform_driver

3.1 S3C2410 看门狗驱动

static int     __init watchdog__init (void)

      {

       printk (banner); 

        return   platform driver register(&s3c2410wdt driver);//       注 册platform driver

      } 

      static void     exit watchdog exit (void)

       {

platform driver unregister (&s3c2410wdt driver);//          注  销 platform driver

     }

4 探测和移除函数

4.1 探测函数

static int s3c2410wdt probe (struct platform device *pdev)

      {

        struct resource *res;

        int started = 0;

        int ret;

        int size; 

        DBG ("%s: probe=%p\n", _ _FUNCTION_ _, pdev); 

       /* 获得看门狗的内存区域 */ 

       res = platform get resource (pdev, IORESOURCE MEM, 0);

       if (res == NULL)

        { 

        printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to get memory region resouce\n");

         return  - ENOENT;

        } 

       size = (res->end - res->start) + 1;

       //申请I/O 内存 

       wdt mem = request mem region (res->start, size, pdev->name); 

       if (wdt mem == NULL)

        { 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to get memory region\n");

         return  - ENOENT;

        } 

       wdt base = ioremap (res->start, size); //设备内存->虚拟地址 

       if (wdt base == 0)

        { 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to ioremap () region\n");

         return  - EINVAL;

        } 

       DBG ("probe: mapped wdt base=%p\n", wdt base); 

       /* 获得看门狗的中断 */ 

       res = platform get resource (pdev, IORESOURCE IRQ, 0);

       if (res == NULL)

{ 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to get irq resource\n");

         return  - ENOENT;

        }

       //申请中断 

         ret = request irq (res->start, s3c2410wdt irq, 0, pdev->name,

pdev);

       if (ret != 0)

        { 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to install irq (%d)\n", ret);

         return ret;

        } 

       wdt clock = clk get (&pdev->dev, "watchdog"); //获得看门狗时钟源 

       if (wdt clock == NULL)

        { 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "failed to find watchdog clock source\n");

         return  - ENOENT;

        } 

       clk enable (wdt clock); 

       /* 看看是否能设置定时器的超时时间为期望的值，如果不能，使用缺省值 */ 

       if (s3c2410wdt set heartbeat (tmr margin))

        { 

         started = s3c2410wdt set heartbeat ( 

             CONFIG S3C2410 WATCHDOG DEFAULT TIME);

         if (started == 0)

         { 

           printk (KERN INFO PFX "tmr margin value out of range, default

%d 

             used\n",CONFIG S3C2410 WATCHDOG DEFAULT TIME);

         }

         else

         { 

           printk (KERN INFO PFX

             "default timer value is out of range, cannot start\n");

         }

        } 

      //注册miscdevice 

       ret = misc register(&s3c2410wdt miscdev);

       if (ret)

        { 

         printk(KERN ERR PFX "cannot registermiscdev on minor=%d (%d)\n", 

           WATCHDOG MINOR, ret);

         return ret;

        } 

       if (tmr atboot && started == 0)

        { 

         printk(KERN INFO PFX "Starting Watchdog Timer\n"); 

        s3c2410wdt start ();

        } 

       return 0;

     }

4.2 探测函数

static int s3c2410wdt remove (struct platform device *dev) 

      { 

        if (wdt mem != NULL) 

        { 

          release resource (wdt mem); //释放资源 

          kfree (wdt mem);//释放内存 

          wdt mem = NULL; 

       } 

      //释放中断 

   if (wdt irq != NULL) 

       { 

         free irq (wdt irq->start, dev); 

         wdt irq = NULL;

} 

       //禁止时钟源 

       if (wdt clock != NULL) 

       { 

         clk disable (wdt clock); 

         clk put (wdt clock); 

         wdt clock = NULL; 

        }

    misc deregister(&s3c2410wdt miscdev);//注销miscdevice 

       return 0; 

    }

5 挂起和恢复函数

5.1 挂起函数

static   int  s3c2410wdt suspend (struct    platform device   *dev, 

pm message t state)

      {

        /* 保存看门狗状态，停止它 */ 

       wtcon save = readl (wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON); 

       wtdat save = readl (wdt base + S3C2410 WTDAT); 

        s3c2410wdt stop (); 

        return 0;

     }

5.2 恢复函数

static int s3c2410wdt resume (struct platform device *dev)

      {

        /* 恢复看门狗状态 */ 

        writel (wtdat save, wdt base + S3C2410 WTDAT); 

        writel (wtdat save, wdt base + S3C2410 WTCNT); 

        writel (wtcon save, wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON); 

        printk (KERN INFO PFX "watchdog %sabled\n", (wtcon save 

          &S3C2410 WTCON ENABLE)? "en" : "dis"); 

       return 0;

     }

6 打开和释放函数

6.1 打开函数

static int s3c2410wdt open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

      { 

        if (down trylock (&open lock))  //获得打开锁

          return  - EBUSY; 

        if (nowayout)

        { 

            module get (THIS MODULE);

        }

       else

        { 

         allow close = CLOSE STATE ALLOW;

        } 

       /* 启动看门狗 */ 

       s3c2410wdt start (); 

       return nonseekable open (inode, file);

     }

6.2 释放函数

static int s3c2410wdt release (struct inode *inode,struct file *file)

      {

        /* 停止看门狗 */ 

        if (allow close == CLOSE STATE ALLOW)

        { 

          s3c2410wdt stop ();

       }

        else

        { 

              printk (KERN CRIT  PFX  "Unexpected  close,  not  stopping

watchdog!\n"); 

         s3c2410wdt keepalive ();

        } 

       allow close = CLOSE STATE NOT; 

       up (&open lock);  //释放打开锁

       return 0;

     }

7 启停watchdog函数和写函数

7.1 启停看门狗函数

/*停止看门狗*/ 

       static int s3c2410wdt stop (void)

       {

        unsigned long wtcon; 

        wtcon = readl(wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON);

        //停止看门狗，禁止复位 

        wtcon &= ~ (S3C2410 WTCON ENABLE | S3C2410 WTCON RSTEN); 

        writel (wtcon, wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON); 

        return 0;

      } 

      /*开启看门狗*/ 

      static int s3c2410wdt start (void)

      {

        unsigned long wtcon; 

        s3c2410wdt stop (); 

        wtcon = readl(wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON);

        //使能看门狗，128 分频 

        wtcon |= S3C2410 WTCON ENABLE | S3C2410 WTCON DIV128; 

        if (soft noboot)

        { 

         wtcon |= S3C2410 WTCON INTEN; //使能中断 

         wtcon &= ~S3C2410 WTCON RSTEN; //禁止复位

        }

        else

        { 

         wtcon &= ~S3C2410 WTCON INTEN; //禁止中断 

         wtcon |= S3C2410 WTCON RSTEN; //使能复位

        } 

        DBG ("%s: wdt count=0x%08x, wtcon=%08lx\n",        FUNCTION    , 

          wdt count, wtcon); 

        writel (wdt count, wdt base + S3C2410 WTDAT); 

        writel (wdt count, wdt base + S3C2410 WTCNT); 

        writel (wtcon, wdt base + S3C2410 WTCON); 

        return 0;

      }

7.2 写函数

static ssize t s3c2410wdt write (struct file *file, const char      user *data, 

        size t len, loff t *ppos)

       {

        /* 刷新看门狗 */

        if (len)

         {

          if (!nowayout)

{ 

            size t i; 

           allow close = CLOSE STATE NOT;

           for (i = 0; i != len; i++)

           {

             char c; 

             if (get user(c, data + i))//用户空间->内核空间

               return  - EFAULT;

             if (c == 'V ')  //如果写入了'V ' ，允许关闭 

               allow close = CLOSE STATE ALLOW;

           }

         } 

         s3c2410wdt keepalive ();

        }

       return len;

     }

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