CookieJar类的子类:
CookieJar:管理HTTP cookie值、存储HTTP请求生成的cookie、向传出的HTTP请求添加cookie的对象。整个cookie都存储在内存中,对CookieJar实例进行垃圾回收后cookie也将丢失。
FileCookieJar:从CookieJar派生而来,用来创建FileCookieJar实例,检索cookie信息并将cookie存储到文件中。filename是存储cookie的文件名。delayload为True时支持延迟访问访问文件,即只有在需要时才读取文件或在文件中存储数据。
MozillaCookieJar:从FileCookieJar派生而来,创建与Mozilla浏览器 cookies.txt兼容的FileCookieJar实例。
LWPCookieJar:从FileCookieJar派生而来,创建与libwww-perl标准的 Set-Cookie3 文件格式兼容的FileCookieJar实例。
代码示例
引入文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @File : cookiejar_demo.py # @Date : 2018-07-24 # @Author : Peng Shiyu from http import cookiejar from urllib import request import ssl # 关闭证书验证, 避免urllib SSLError ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
获取cookie
def get_cookie(): # 创建cookiejar实例对象 cookie = cookiejar.CookieJar() print(cookie) # <CookieJar[]> # 创建管理器 cookie_handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) http_handler = request.HTTPHandler() https_handler = request.HTTPSHandler() # 创建请求求管理器 opener = request.build_opener(cookie_handler, http_handler, https_handler) # 发起请求 url = "https://www.baidu.com" req = request.Request(url) response = opener.open(req) # 查看请求结果 print(response.reason) # OK print(cookie) """ <CookieJar[ <Cookie BIDUPSID=B681378758CB3586029EBFFFF16FBDE2 for .baidu.com/>, <Cookie PSTM=1532404690 for .baidu.com/>, <Cookie BD_NOT_HTTPS=1 for www.baidu.com/> ]> """
保存cookie到文件
def save_cookie(): # 创建cookiejar实例对象 cookie = cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar("cookie.txt") print(cookie) # <MozillaCookieJar[]> # 创建管理器 cookie_handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) http_handler = request.HTTPHandler() https_handler = request.HTTPSHandler() # 创建请求求管理器 opener = request.build_opener(cookie_handler, http_handler, https_handler) url = "https://www.baidu.com" req = request.Request(url) # 发起请求 response = opener.open(req) # 查看请求结果 print(response.reason) # OK cookie.save()
cookie.txt文件如下cookie.txt文件如下
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File # http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html # This is a generated file! Do not edit. .baidu.com TRUE / FALSE 3679895840 BIDUPSID 3204019AEE348DAEBBD8E7420F13494E .baidu.com TRUE / FALSE 3679895840 PSTM 1532412187 www.baidu.com FALSE / FALSE 1532412493 BD_NOT_HTTPS 1
从文件读取cookie
按照cookie.txt的格式,修改自己的cookie文件,保存为httpbin-cookie.txt
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File # http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html # This is a generated file! Do not edit. .httpbin.org TRUE / FALSE 3679895840 username pengshiyu .httpbin.org TRUE / FALSE 3679895840 password 123456
读取
def load_cookie(): # 创建cookiejar实例对象 cookie = cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar() cookie.load("httpbin-cookie.txt") print(cookie) # <MozillaCookieJar[<Cookie password=123456 for .httpbin.org/>, <Cookie username=pengshiyu for .httpbin.org/>]> # 创建管理器 cookie_handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) http_handler = request.HTTPHandler() https_handler = request.HTTPSHandler() # 创建请求求管理器 opener = request.build_opener(cookie_handler, http_handler, https_handler) url = "http://www.httpbin.org/cookies" req = request.Request(url) # 发起请求 response = opener.open(req) # 查看请求结果 print(response.reason) # OK print(response.read()) # b'{"cookies":{"password":"123456","username":"pengshiyu"}}\n'
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