redis 负载均衡 集群配置

redis 官网 http://redis.io/

中文网站 http://redis.cn/

谷歌代码的redis项目 https://code.google.com/p/redis/

http://www.oschina.net/p/redis/

在oschina.net的介绍:

Redis 是一个高性能的key-value数据库。 redis的出现,很大程度补偿了memcached这类keyvalue存储的不足,在部 分场合可以对关系数据库起到很好的补充作用。它提供了Python,Ruby,Erlang,PHP客户端,使用很方便。

性能测试结果:

SET操作每秒钟  次,GET操作每秒钟  次,服务器配置如下:

Linux 2.6, Xeon X3320 .5Ghz.

* 网站使用 Redis 做为缓存服务器。

我要做的事情就是,在多台linux服务器中,部署redis,由于redis的集群功能没有完全编写好,见:http://redis.io/topics/cluster-spec

目前 redis的最新版本是:redis-2.6.13.tar.gz

但是redis可以做一个主从复制的设置,见redis.conf的 复制【REPLICATION】 部分注释和设置

################################# REPLICATION #################################
# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport> # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password> # When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
# an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
# but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes
# You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only.
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extend you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
slave-read-only yes # Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10 # The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and
# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
#
# repl-timeout 60 # Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no # The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.
# It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a
# master if the master is no longer working correctly.
# A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will
# pick the one wtih priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
slave-priority

看了上面的默认配置,其实也很容易理解,修改下就可以配置主从复制了,有 slaveof <masterip> <masterport> ,就成了 从服务器 ,没有就是 主服务器。

还有 主服务器 安全的设置

################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
# requirepass foobared
# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.

对了,redis的编译安装非常简单,下载redis-2.6.13.tar.gz后,

tar xvf redis-2.6.13.tar.gz

cd redis-2.6.13

make && make install

将会把redis-server、redis-cli、redis-benchmark、redis-check-aof、redis-check-dump 五个文件复制到 /usr/local/bin/下

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/bin
总用量
-rwxr-xr-x. root root 6月 : redis-benchmark
-rwxr-xr-x. root root 6月 : redis-check-aof
-rwxr-xr-x. root root 6月 : redis-check-dump
-rwxr-xr-x. root root 6月 : redis-cli
-rwxr-xr-x. root root 6月 : redis-server
[root@localhost ~]#

然后将源码中的 redis.conf 复制到 /etc/redis.conf

再制作一个 init.d 的启动脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# redis start up the redis server daemon
#
# chkconfig: 345 99 99
# description: redis service in /etc/init.d/redis \
# chkconfig --add redis or chkconfig --list redis \
# service redis start or service redis stop
# processname: redis-server
# config: /etc/redis.conf PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin REDISPORT=
EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli PIDFILE=/var/run/redis.pid
CONF="/etc/redis.conf"
#make sure some dir exist
if [ ! -d /var/lib/redis ] ;then
mkdir -p /var/lib/redis
mkdir -p /var/log/redis
fi case "$1" in
status)
ps -A|grep redis
;;
start)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
else
echo "Starting Redis server..."
$EXEC $CONF
fi
if [ "$?"="0" ]
then
echo "Redis is running..."
fi
;;
stop)
if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
else
PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
echo "Stopping ..."
$REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN
while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ]
do
echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
sleep
done
echo "Redis stopped"
fi
;;
restart|force-reload)
${} stop
${} start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&
exit
esac

将上面内容复制到 /etc/init.d/redis

chkconfig --add redis

chkconfig --list redis

service redis start

开启了服务,对了忘记了 /etc/redis.conf里面可以把  daemonize no 修改为

 daemonize yes

就可以默认在后台执行redis-server了。

这就是主服务器,从服务器,配置一样,只不过 修改/etc/redis.conf 中

slaveof <masterip> 

然后开启从服务器的redis服务。

测试

#主服务器
redis-cli -p set hello world #从服务器 redis-cli -p get hello
"world" #主服务器
redis-cli -p set hello world2 #从服务器 redis-cli -p get hello
"world2" redis-cli -p set hello world
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave. #成功 配置主从redis 服务器。好简单啊。

由于配置中有一条 从服务器 是只读的,所以从服务器 没法设置数据,只可以读取数据。

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