1. 语法
1.以#号开头的语句是注释
2.请务必注意,Python程序是大小写敏感的,如果写错了大小写,程序会报错。
3.按照约定俗成的管理,应该始终坚持使用4个空格的缩进。
4.当语句以冒号:结尾时,缩进的语句视为代码块。
1.缩进方式,一般是4个空格,兼容tab键
if a>=0;
print(a)
else:
print(a)
2.注释#
3.Python 对大小写敏感
2.基本数据类型
1.空值 None
2./n换行,/t tab键,// 表示/
3.
整数 -1,0,1 0xff00;
浮点数 1.23, -9.01, 1.23e9[1.23x109];
字符串 ‘hello’,“python”;
布尔值 True,False[布尔值可以用and、or和not运算];
3.List 列表 (有序集合)
1.list里面的元素的数据类型也可以不同,list元素也可以是另一个list(s[2][1]) classmates = ['Michael', 'Bob', ‘Tracy’] L = ['Apple', 123, True]
2.classmates.append(‘a’)
classmates.insert(1,’jack’)
classmates.pop()删除末尾
classmates.pop(i),删除指定元素
classmates[1] = ‘sarah’
tuple 有序列表叫元祖;.与list 相似,但是tuple初始化后就不能修改。
遍历List:
def iterList():
list = ['name','address','name2','addres2','name3','adress3']
for i,v in enumerate(list):
print i,v #dict = {"a":1,"b":"adf","c":"shide","d":"afda"}
3.1. tuple
元组
tup = ('wo','yao')
for item in tup:
print(item)
4.dict (like java’s hashmap)
d = {‘michal’:95,’bob’:75}
d[‘jack’]=90
获取value方式:
1、d[‘Michael’]如果key不存在,map读取value就会报错;
2、d.get(‘Thomas') 或者 d.get(‘Thomas’,0) 不存在时返回None或者预设值.
如果删除一个key,用pop(key)方法,对应的value也会从dict中删除 d.pop(‘Bob')遍历dict :
def iterDict():
dict={'id':123,"name":"afd","sex":"boy"}
for item in dict:
print(item)
#for item in dict.values():
#print(item) for i in enumerate(dict):
print i
5.Set ( s = set([1, 2, 3]) )
s = set([1, 2, 3]) set中,没有重复的key 重复元素在set中自动被过滤 s = set([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3])
add(key)方法可以添加元素到set中
remove(key)方法可以删除元素:
set和dict的唯一区别仅在于没有存储对应的value,但是,set的原理和dict一样,所以,同样不可以放入可变对象,因为无法判断两个可变对象是否相等,也就无法保证set内部“不会有重复元素”。
*不可变对象遍历Set:
def iterSet():
s = set([1,2,3])
for item in s:
print(item) for i in enumerate(s):
print (i)
6.判断语句
age = 3
if age >= 18:
print('adult')
elif age >= 6:
print('teenager')
else:
print(‘kid')
7.循环语句
def whileTest():
list = ['name','address']
for item in list:
print(item) tup = ('wo','yao')
for item in tup:
print(item) click = 10
while click > 0 :
print (click)
click -=1
if click == 8 :
#return
continue
if click < 5 :
break
8.函数
#函数声明
def my_abs(x):
if x >= 0:
return x
else:
return -x
#默认值
def move(x,y,step,angle = 30):
nx = x + step * math.cos(angle)
ny = y - step * math.sin(angle)
return nx,ny
#空函数
def nop():
pass #返回值
def showlist(list):
return 1,1,2,3
9.切片
def iter():
list = ['name','address','name2','addres2','name3','adress3']
print(list[1:4])
print (list[-3:-1])
print(list[1:4:2])
print(list[::2])
print(list[::])
print(list)
10. 列表生成器:
#列表生成器
def listGenerate():
list = [x for x in range (1,3) ]
print (list)
print (type(range(1,11))) lists = [x*y for x in range(1,3) for y in range(1,3)] #笛卡尔积
print(lists) listss = [x*y for x in range(1,11) for y in range(1,11) if x>y] #笛卡尔积
print (listss)
gen = (x*y for x in range(1,11) for y in range(1,11) if x>y)
print (type(gen))
print(gen.next()) #生成器用来遍历较小的集合
11.生成器:
#生成器
def gen():
listss = [x*y for x in range(1,3) for y in range(1,3) if x>y] #笛卡尔积 gen = (x*y for x in range(1,3) for y in range(1,3) ) print(gen.next()) #生成器用来遍历较小的集合
for g in gen:
print(g) list = ['name','address','name2','addres2','name3','adress3']
gen = (x+'1' for x in list if x == "name")
for g in gen :
print (g) uv = {'id':12,'uv':3000,'id':13,'uv':30001,'id':14,'uv':30002}
pv = {'id':12,'uv':3000,'id':13,'uv':30001,'id':14,'uv':30002}
print(type(uv))
12.异常处理:
#异常处理
def exceptionTest():
try:
i = 10
j = i/0
print 'end try'
except Exception,e:
print e
print 'error' finally:
print 'finally'
13.读取文件
14.读取properties
ConfigParser 是用来读取配置文件的包。配置文件的格式如下:中括号“[ ]”内包含的为section。紧接着section 为类似于key-value 的options 的配置内容。
ConfigParser 初始工作
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
cf.read("配置文件名")
获取所有sections
s = cf.sections()
获取指定section 的options。
o = cf.options("db")
获取指定section 的配置信息
v = cf.items("db")
按照类型读取指定section 的option 信息
db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host")
db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port")
设置某个option 的值
cf.set("db", "db_pass", "zhaowei")
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))
添加一个section
cf.add_section(‘liuqing')
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))
移除section 或者option
cf.remove_option('liuqing','int')
cf.remove_section('liuqing')
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))例子:
#pro
import ConfigParser cp=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
cp.read('demo.txt') '''
print(cp.sections()) print(cp.options('db'))
print(cp.items('db')) print(type(cp.get('prp','prp.hu')))
print(cp.getint('db','db.name'))
''' #cp.add_section('dbnew')
#cp.set('dbnew','dbnew.ip','192.168.1.1') #cp.remove_option('dbnew','dbnew.ip')
cp.remove_section('dbnew') cp.write(open('demo.txt','w'))
print(cp.sections())
demo.txt
[ddshow]
ip = 10.100.1.1
db.name = zhangsan
db.pwd = lisi [ddshow_stat]
ip = 10.100.1.2
db.name = zhangsan2
db.pwd = lisi2
15.发送邮件
#mail import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText sender="wuzhanwei@youku.com"
receiver="wzhwei@126.com"
smptserver="mail.youku.com" username="wuzhanwei"
password="WSWZW!!)2" smtp=smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smptserver)
smtp.login(username,password) ##
msg=MIMEText('<html>hello</html>','html','utf-8')
msg['Subject']='sub'
## smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
16.访问数据库
17.Python编写mapreduce
mapper:
import sys for line in sys.stdin:
line=line.strip()
words=line.split()
for word in words:
print "%s\t%s" %(word,1)
reducer:
import sys
current_word=None
current_count=0
word=None
for line in sys.stdin:
line=line.strip()
word,count=line.split('\t',1)
try:
count=int(count)
except Exception :
continue
if current_word==word:
current_count+=count
else:
if current_word:
print "%s\t%s" %(current_word,current_count)
current_count=count
current_word=word
if word==current_word:
print "%s\t%s" %(current_word,current_count)
mr:
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
line =line.strip()
words=line.split()
for word in words:
print '%s\t%s' %(word,1)
111.直接运行py 文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
name = raw_input()
print('hello,', name)
然后,通过命令给hello.py以执行权限:sudo chmod a+x hello.py
就可以直接运行hello.py了