PHP数组详解

作为一名C++程序员,在转做PHP开发的过程中,对PHP数组产生了一些混淆,与C++数组有相似的地方,也有一些不同,下面就全面地分析一下PHP的数组及其与C++中相应数据类型的区别和联系。

数组的分类:

1、数值数组:也叫索引数组,即以数字(从0 开始)作为数组下标。相当于C++中的vector。

2、关联数组:以字符串作为数组下标。相当于C++中的map。

3、多维数组:数组中每个元素也是一个数组。其子数组中的每个元素也可以是数组。

数组的声明:

1、数值数组

a、如下例子中,会自动分配数字ID键。
$names = array("Peter","Joe","Lily");
b、如下例子中,我们人工分配数字ID键。
$names[0] = "Peter";
$names[1] = "Joe";
$names[2] = "Lily";
可以在脚本中使用这些ID键:
<?php
$names[0] = "Peter";
$names[1] = "Joe";
$names[2] = "Lily";
echo $names[0]." and ".$names[1]." are ".$names[2]."'s neighbors";
/* 何问起 hovertree.com */
?>

2、关联数组:

例子1
$ages = array("Peter"=>32, "Joe"=>30, "Lily"=>28);
例子2
本例与例子1相同,只是另一种创建数组的方法。
$ages["Peter"] = "32";
$ages["Joe"] = "30";
$ages["Lily"] = "28";
在脚本中使用关联数组:
<?php
$ages["Peter"] = "32";
$ages["Joe"] = "30";
$ages["Lily"] = "28";
echo "Peter is ".$ages["Peter"]." years old.";
/* 何问起 hovertree.com */
?>
以上脚本输出:
Peter is 32 years old.

3、多维数组:

在本例中,我们创建了一个带有自动分配数字ID键的多维数组:
$families = array
{
"Griffin"=>array
{
"Peter",
"Lois",
"Megan"
},
"Quagmire"=>array
{
"Glenn"
},
"Brown"=>array
{
"Cleveland",
"Loretta",
"Junior"
}
};
echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] . " a part of the Griffin family?";
以上代码输出:
Is Megan a part of the Griffin family?

数组遍历

1、for循环遍历
for循环只能遍历索引数组。
<?php
$names = array("Peter","Joe","Lily");
for($id=0;$id<count($names);++$id)
{
echo $names[$id];
}
?>
2、foreach遍历
即可以遍历索引数组,也可以遍历关联数组
遍历索引数组
foreach(array_expression as $value)
{
循环体;
}
遍历关联数组
foreach(array_expression as $key=>$value)
{
循环体;
} A、一维数组遍历
索引数组
<?php
$contact = array("李某","xx公司","abc@xx.com");
foreach($contact as $value)
{
echo $value;
}
?> <?php
$contact = array("姓名"=>"李某","公司"=>"xx公司","邮箱"=>"abc@xx.com");
foreach($contact as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.":".$value;
}
?> B、多维数组遍历
<?php
$wage = array(
"市场部"=array(
array(1,"李某","市场经理",8000),
array(2,"王某","市场专员",5000),
array(3,"刘某","市场专员",7000)
),
"产品部"=array(
array(1,"李某","产品经理",9000),
array(2,"王某","产品专员",6000),
array(3,"刘某","产品专员",5000)
),
"账务部"=array(
array(1,"李某","账务经理",7000),
array(2,"王某","账务专员",6000),
array(3,"刘某","账务专员",5000)
)
); foreach($wage as $section=>$table)
{
echo $section."部门人员如下";
foreach($table as $row)
{
foreach($row as $value)
{
echo $value;
}
}
} /* 何问起 hovertree.com */
?>

推荐:http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/p/phpdongtai.html

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