'default' => env('QUEUE_DRIVER', 'database'),

php artisan queue:table

php artisan queue:failed-table

php artisan migrate

php artisan make:job SendReminderEmail --queued

<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use App\User;

use App\Jobs\Job;

use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\SelfHandling;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

use Exception;

class SendReminderEmail extends Job implements SelfHandling, ShouldQueue

{

    use InteractsWithQueue, SerializesModels;

    protected $user;

    public function __construct(User $user)

    {

        $this->user = $user;

    }

    public function handle()

    {

       $user = $this->user;

        $url = route('confirmation', ['token' => $user->registration_token]);

        Mail::send('emails/registration', compact('user', 'url'), function ($m) use ($user) {

            $m->to($user->email, $user->name)->subject('test!');

        });

       // throw new Exception;   //异常可使队列失败

    }

}

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

use App\Http\Requests;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;

use App\User;

use App\Jobs\SendReminderEmail;

class JobsController extends Controller

{

   public function testSendJobs(){

       $user = User::findOrFail();

       $this->dispatch(new SendReminderEmail($user));

   }

}

php artisan queue:listen database --tries=  //监听数据库容器的队列，3次执行失败，则将队列放到失败队列数据库表

php artisan queue:failed //列出失败队列

php artisan queue:retry   //将id=1的失败队列恢复到队列表