一、jsp标签(sun公司提供的)
二、EL表达式
三、jstl (javaserver pages standard tag library)
1.为什么要有jstl
jsp标签太弱,el表达式功能不完整(比如不能遍历集合),所有就有了jstl。目的就是配合jsp+el取代在jsp中嵌入Java代码的方式,提高程序的可读性、维护性、方便性
2. jstl实质、原理
jstl的实现过程就相当于el表达式中调用Java方法的实现过程。首先定义类包含静态方法,定义一个tdl文件对函数进行描述,然后在页面上用tablib指令引用文件,然后就可以通过前缀加冒号调用函数了
3.jstl五个类型的库(核心标签库、国际化标签库、数据库标签库、xml标签库、jstl函数,其中SQL标签库跟xml标签库不常用所以不学)
3.1 core标签库
3.1.1 c:out
3.1.1.1 输出常量
3.1.1.2 输出变量
3.1.1.3 输出默认值(有值就输出值没有值就输出默认值)
3.1.1.4 html转义输出 ps:escapeXml属性能控制是否按转义输出默认值为true
jsp代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'cout.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <body>
<h1>输出常量</h1><hr>
<c:out value="你好我这是输出常量"></c:out>
<h1>输出变量</h1><hr>
<%String name = "无双";
pageContext.setAttribute("name",name);
%>
<c:out value="${name }"></c:out>
<h1>输出默认值</h1><hr>
<c:out value="${name}" default="奥巴马(这个是默认值)"></c:out>
<c:out value="${name1 }" default="奥巴马(这个是默认值)"></c:out>
<h1>输出html转义</h1><hr>
<c:out value="<a href='#'>html转义内容</>" escapeXml="true"></c:out>
</body>
</html>
页面效果:
3.1.2 c:set ps:var属性有变量则找到变量没有则声明一个变量;value属性设置变量值;scope:指定域;
3.1.2.1 设置或修改域中属性的值
3.1.2.2 设置或修改域中map的属性值
3.1.2.3 设置或修改域中javabean的属性值
jsp代码:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'cset.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <body>
<h1>设置域中属性的值</h1>
<c:set var="name" value="力宏" scope="page"></c:set> <br>
${name }
<c:set var="name" value="王力宏" scope="page"></c:set> <br>
${name }
<h1>设置域中map的属性值</h1><hr>
<%Map map = new HashMap();
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<c:set target="${map }" property="cellphone" value="10086"></c:set>
${map.cellphone}(设置map值)<br>
<c:set target="${map }" property="cellphone" value="10087"></c:set>
${map.cellphone}(修改map值)
<h1>设置域中javabean的属性值(用法同map)</h1><hr>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
3.1.3 c:remove 移除域中属性的值 <c:remove var="name" scope="page"/>指定变量名称然后指定域
3.1.4 c:catch 捕获异常(把异常抓起来,捕获了页面上就不会有异常了,用户体验就友好了)
<c:catch var="e">
<%int i= 1/0; %>
</c:catch>
${e.message}
效果:
3.1.5 c:if 执行判断条件,有一个很重要的属性test接收一个bool值
3.1.6 c:choose、c:when、c:otherwise
c:chooose要c:when和c:otherwise配合使用
3.1.7 c:foreach ps:items属性指定要遍历的集合
3.1.7.1 遍历数组 string[]
3.1.7.2 遍历集合 list
3.1.7.3 遍历map HashMap、linkedHashMap(按顺序输出)
3.1.7.4 循环执行指定的内容若干次
3.1.8 c:forTokens 切割字符串
3.1.9 c:import 包含文件
3.1.10 c:redirect、c:param 重定向
3.1.11 c:url 替代代码进行url重写
代码:cforeach、cfortokens
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'cforeach.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head>
<%String[] cities = new String[]{"北京","上海","广州"};
pageContext.setAttribute("city",cities);
%>
<body>
<h1>遍历数组</h1><br>
<c:forEach items="${city }" var="c"> ${c}<br></c:forEach><br>
<h1>遍历集合</h1><br>
<%
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("中国");
list.add("美国");
list.add("俄罗斯");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="c">${c}<br></c:forEach>
<h1>遍历map</h1><br>
<%
Map map = new LinkedHashMap();
map.put("name","力宏");
map.put("age", 19);
map.put("wife", "呵呵");
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<c:forEach items="${map }" var="entry">
${entry.key }:${entry.value }<br>
</c:forEach>
<h1>循环执行指定的内容若干次</h1><br>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="20" step="1" var="i" varStatus="stat">
<c:if test="${stat.index%2 == 0 }">
<font color="red"> ${i }</font> </c:if>
<c:if test="${stat.index%2!= 0 }">
<font color="blue">${i}</font>
</c:if>
</c:forEach>
<h1>c:forTokens切割字符串</h1><br>
<c:forTokens items="www.aqioo.com" delims="." var="c">
${c }<br>
</c:forTokens>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
代码:cif
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'cif.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head>
<%int day = 4;
pageContext.setAttribute("day",day);
%>
<body>
<c:if test="${ 2>1}">就是这样的</c:if> <br>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${day==3 }">星期三</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
不是星期三
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>
代码:credirect
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'credirect.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <body>
<h1>credirect练习</h1> <br>
<c:redirect url="/jstl/cforeach.jsp" context="${pageContext.request.contextPath }">
<c:param name="aa" value="nihao"></c:param>
</c:redirect>
</body>
</html>
效果:直接跳转到cforeach.jsp中去了
代码:curl 当浏览器端禁用cookie后,右键查看源代码就能看到url后跟一个JessesionId
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'curl.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <%
request.getSession();
String url = response.encodeUrl(request.getContextPath()+"/jstl/cforeach.jsp");
pageContext.setAttribute("url", url);
%>
<body>
<h1>url重写练习</h1> <br>
<a href="${url }">这个是用Java代码实现的url重写</a>
<c:url context="${pageContext.request.contextPath }" value="/jstl/cforeach.jsp" scope="page" var="url1"></c:url>
<a href="${url1 }">这个是用c:url实现的url重写
</a>
</body>
</html>