1 安装python开发环境

安装python系统依赖，在终端输入

sudo apt-get install build-essential libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 bzip2 libbz2-dev

下载python包，并在本地编译

sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz

tar zxvf Python-3.8.0.tgz

cd Python-3.8.0

sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

sudo make

sudo make install

重新建立python3链接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

在终端中测试

python3 -V
pip3 -V

2 配置国内镜像源与本地python虚拟环境

修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf 文件, 没有则创建

配置清华源

[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

配置虚拟开发环境

sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

pip3 install virtualenv

pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

创建一个文件夹用于存放虚拟环境

mkdir .virtualenvs

可以直接执行如下命令，也可以将其放入环境变量：

export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python3  # which
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=~/.local/bin/virtualenv
source ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

新建一个python虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv py3

激活并进入该环境

workon py3

退出当前环境

deactivate

删除环境

rmvirtualenv py3

3 安装opencv-python

安装系统依赖

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install libpng12-dev
sudo apt-get install libqtgui4 libqt4-test
sudo apt-get install libjasper-dev

进入py3 虚拟环境

workon py3

安装python依赖

pip3 install numpy

pip3 install opencv-python