最近看了一下MariaDB的常规复制章节，就按部就班的搭建了一下最简单的主从复制。需要的硬件环境很简单(在虚拟机VMware中搭建)：
1：两台server：Master: 192.168.6.133 Slave：192.168.6.132
2：网络配置，这里图个简单，直接关闭master的防火墙
[root@master Desktop]# service iptables stop
概览实现主从复制需要完成的配置：
1：主从集群里面的每台server需要有一个唯一的server_id，下面的配置中，将master的server_id设置为1， slave1的server_id设置为2；
2：master需要启用二进制日志，slave需要启动relay日志。
3：master上创建一个用户，供slave登录到master上复制二进制日志数据。
具体配置过程如下：
1：master配置。
首先停掉mysql服务（用root用户执行service mysql status查看是否在正在运行）：
[root@master Desktop]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
网上的教程都是在my.cnf中添加相关配置，这个文件初始内容如下：
[mariadb@master Desktop]$ cat /etc/my.cnf
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server] #
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
如果在[client-server]节点添加配置项，会造成mysql无法启动，不知是什么原因，看了下错误日志master.err文件也没发现有用的信息。看这个文件的内容，server端和client端配置文件位于/etc/my.cnf.d/目录下：
[mariadb@master Desktop]$ ls /etc/my.cnf.d
mysql-clients.cnf server.cnf tokudb.cnf
修改server.cnf文件如下，完成服务端配置：
[mariadb@master Desktop]$ vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
# # this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server] # this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld] # this is only for embedded server
[embedded] # This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]
log-basename = master
log-bin = /var/lib/mysql/master.bin
binlog-format = row
server_id = 1
# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.0 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.0]
（红色部分为新增内容）
接下来启动mysql服务：
[root@master mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
登录到mariadb：
[mariadb@master Desktop]$ mysql -uroot -proot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 10.0.-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
授权用户（这个用户稍后会在配置slave节点用到）
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.6.133' identified by 'replpass';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.slave配置
首先停掉salve节点的mysql服务，方法同上。
修改server.cnf文件，具体内容如下：
[mariadb@slave1 Desktop]$ vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
# # this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server] # this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld] # this is only for embedded server
[embedded] # This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]
server_id = 2
relay-log = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin
# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.0 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.0]
（红色部分为新增）
启动mysql服务
[root@slave1 Desktop]# service mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running ()
登录到mysql数据库，查看relay log中继日志状态：
[root@slave1 Desktop]# mysql -uroot -proot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 10.0.-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%relay%';
+-----------------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+
| max_relay_log_size | |
| relay_log | /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin |
| relay_log_index | |
| relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info |
| relay_log_purge | ON |
| relay_log_recovery | OFF |
| relay_log_space_limit | |
| sync_relay_log | |
| sync_relay_log_info | |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
（relay_log参数值是我们设定的路径下的文件，说明中继日志设定OK）
连接到主服务器master
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.6.133', master_user='repluser', master_password='replpass';
Query OK, rows affected (0.09 sec)
在masterserver上查看master进程数量
MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | Progress |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
| | root | localhost | NULL | Query | | init | show processlist | 0.000 |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
在master上查看操作日志状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master. | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
在slave上查看slave状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** . row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.6.133
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port:
Connect_Retry:
Master_Log_File:
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.
Relay_Log_Pos:
Relay_Master_Log_File:
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_Space:
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
row in set (0.00 sec)
关键看Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: No 这两个，现在是未启动，接下来在salve上启动slave节点：
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, rows affected (0.01 sec)
再次查看slave状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** . row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.6.133
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port:
Connect_Retry:
Master_Log_File: master.
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.
Relay_Log_Pos:
Relay_Master_Log_File: master.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_Space:
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
row in set (0.00 sec)
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
从节点已经处于接收master节点发送事件的状态，可以进行主从复制了，现在去master上创建一个数据库：
MariaDB [(none)]> create database testsync;
Query OK, row affected (0.01 sec)
去从节点查看，是否已经自动同步：
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testsync |
+--------------------+
rows in set (0.02 sec)
已经完成同步。再次查看主从状态：
其中read_master_log_pos也是838，表示主从状态一致。