我们在制作爬虫爬取想要的资料时，由于是计算机自动抓取，强度大、速度快，通常会给网站服务器带来巨大压力，所以同一个IP反复爬取同一个网页，就很可能被封，在这里介绍相关的技巧，以免被封；但在制作爬虫时，还是要适当加入延时代码，以减少对目标网站的影响。

一、requests设置代理:

import requests

proxies = { "http": "http://192.10.1.10:8080", "https": "http://193.121.1.10:9080", }

requests.get("http://targetwebsite.com", proxies=proxies)

二、Selenium+Chrome设置代理：

from selenium import webdriver

PROXY = "192.206.133.227:8080"

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server={0}'.format(PROXY))

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

browser.get('www.targetwebsize.com')

print(browser.page_source)

brsowser.close()

三、Selenium+Phantomjs设置代理:

# 利用DesiredCapabilities(代理设置)参数值，重新打开一个sessionId.

proxy=webdriver.Proxy()

proxy.proxy_type=ProxyType.MANUAL

proxy.http_proxy='192.25.171.51:8080'

# 将代理设置添加到webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS中

proxy.add_to_capabilities(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)

browser.start_session(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)

browser.get('http://www.targetwebsize.com')

print(browser.page_source)

# 还原为系统代理只需将proxy_type重新设置一次

proxy.proxy_type=ProxyType.DIRECT

proxy.add_to_capabilities(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)

browser.start_session(webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)

四、爬虫框架scrapy设置代理:

在setting.py中添加代理IP

PROXIES = ['http://173.207.95.27:8080',

'http://111.8.100.99:8080',

'http://126.75.99.113:8080',

'http://68.146.165.226:3128']

而后，在middlewares.py文件中，添加下面的代码。

import scrapy from scrapy

import signals

import random

classProxyMiddleware(object):

''' 设置Proxy '''

def__init__(self, ip):

self.ip = ip

@classmethod

deffrom_crawler(cls, crawler):

return cls(ip=crawler.settings.get('PROXIES'))

defprocess_request(self, request, spider):

ip = random.choice(self.ip)

request.meta['proxy'] = ip

最后将我们自定义的类添加到下载器中间件设置中，如下。

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'myproject.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 543,}

五、Python异步Aiohttp设置代理:

proxy="http://192.121.1.10：9080"

asyncwithaiohttp.ClientSession()assession:

asyncwithsession.get("http://python.org",proxy=proxy)asresp:

print(resp.status)

# https方法一:
# connector = SocksConnector.from_url('socks5://localhost:1080', rdns=True)
# async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector) as sess:
# https方法二:
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
    session.proxies = {'http': 'socks5h://127.0.0.1:1080',
                       'https': 'socks5h://127.0.0.1:1080'}
    headers = {'content-type': 'image/gif',
               'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36'
               }
    cookies = {'cookies_are': 'working'}
    # proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:1080"
    with async_timeout.timeout(10):#设置请求的最长时间为10s
        # async with sess.get(url, proxy="http://54.222.232.0:3128") as res:
        async with session.get(url,headers=headers,cookies=cookies, verify_ssl=False) as res:
            text = await res.text()
            print(text)