前几日在博客上看到一篇“使用python拼接多张图片”的Blog【具体是能将的图片名字必须是形如xx_1.png ... xx_100.png或者xx_001.png ... xx_100.png,拼接成一张png图片,来达到一些目的(默认所有图片对应的顺序是文件名末尾序号的升序,序号可以不连续)】,自己也正想学习Python,觉得有趣就想试试。先是在windows上尝试了下,就遇到各种问题;正好有台mac(对mac也不熟悉),就想借机会也了解下mac。就copy了该短小精悍的代码...之后蛋疼的历程就惊现了(当然也是合理的,好如 基本功没学懂的人就强行修炼上乘的九阴真经一般,实在是很费力,弄不好就入魔了); 该python代码如下(命名为:margePng.py):
#!/usr/bin/python3 #encoding=utf-8 import numpy as np from PIL import Image import glob,os if __name__=='__main__': prefix=input('Input the prefix of images:') files=glob.glob(prefix+'_*') num=len(files) filename_lens=[len(x) for x in files] #length of the files min_len=min(filename_lens) #minimal length of filenames max_len=max(filename_lens) #maximal length of filenames if min_len==max_len:#the last number of each filename has the same length files=sorted(files) #sort the files in ascending order else:#maybe the filenames are:x_0.png ... x_10.png ... x_100.png index=[0 for x in range(num)] for i in range(num): filename=files[i] start=filename.rfind('_')+1 end=filename.rfind('.') file_no=int(filename[start:end]) index[i]=file_no index=sorted(index) files=[prefix+'_'+str(x)+'.png' for x in index] print(files[0]) baseimg=Image.open(files[0]) sz=baseimg.size basemat=np.atleast_2d(baseimg) for i in range(1,num): file=files[i] im=Image.open(file) im=im.resize(sz,Image.ANTIALIAS) mat=np.atleast_2d(im) print(file) basemat=np.append(basemat,mat,axis=0) final_img=Image.fromarray(basemat) final_img.save('merged.png')
使用mac自带的python 运行了之后就有问题了【没有 PIL库】:
ImportError: No module named PIL
然后就开始搜索怎么解决,一般都是这样的答案:
1、下载PIL的Source Kit(因为这个包支持全部平台) Imaging--1.1.6.tar.gz URL: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/index.htm 2、解压缩包 tar -zxvf Imaging-1.1.6.tar.gz 3、进入到解压后的目录 cd Imaging-1.1.6 4、Build pakage: python setup.py build_ext -i 5、测试; python selftest.py 6、安装 python setup.py install
进行到第4步操作的时候就又出现了问题:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include/tk.h:78:11: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found # include <X11/Xlib.h> ^ 1 error generated. error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
继续搜索怎么解决,得到答案是需要安装 pip; 通过pip安装pil ; 好吧,do it 运行这个:
sudo easy_install pip
【温馨说明: Pip 是安装python包的工具,提供了安装包,列出已经安装的包,升级包以及卸载包的功能。
Pip 是对easy_install的取代,提供了和easy_install相同的查找包的功能,因此可以使用easy_install安装的包也同样可以使用pip进行安装。
Pip的安装可以通过源代码包,easy_install或者脚本。$ easy_install pip
可是运行了之后就又出现了问题:
pip install Pil Downloading/unpacking Pil Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement Pil Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external Pil to allow). Cleaning up... No distributions at all found for Pil Storing debug log for failure in /Users/macbook/Library/Logs/pip.log
经过了一次又一次的google或者度娘: 找到一篇详细的好文章:Mac OSX 10.9安装python Pillow
于是开始安装Pillow:通过git下载源码地址https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow ( git clone https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow.git )
因为有前车之鉴的提醒:此次没走太多的弯路【因为知道了这个编译成功需要libjpeg的支持】;
所以就开始安装libjpeg : brew install libjpeg 【幸好先前发现mac 没有apt-get,就按照网上的分享,安装了安装brew】
curl -LsSf http://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/tarball/master | sudo tar xvz -C/usr/local --strip 1
然后开始编译安装 : python setup.py build_ext -i
安装成功之后重新编译pillow :
-------------------------------------------------------------------- version Pillow 2.4.0 platform darwin 2.7.5 (default, Aug 25 2013, 00:04:04) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)] -------------------------------------------------------------------- --- TKINTER support available --- JPEG support available *** OPENJPEG (JPEG2000) support not available --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available *** LIBTIFF support not available --- FREETYPE2 support available *** LITTLECMS2 support not available *** WEBP support not available *** WEBPMUX support not available --------------------------------------------------------------------
测试一下 : python selftest.py
-------------------------------------------------------------------- Pillow 2.4.0 TEST SUMMARY -------------------------------------------------------------------- Python modules loaded from /Users/macbook/yyang/app-devel-source/python/Pillow/PIL Binary modules loaded from /Users/macbook/yyang/app-devel-source/python/Pillow/PIL -------------------------------------------------------------------- --- PIL CORE support ok --- TKINTER support ok --- JPEG support ok *** JPEG 2000 support not installed --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support ok *** LIBTIFF support not installed --- FREETYPE2 support ok *** LITTLECMS2 support not installed *** WEBP support not installed -------------------------------------------------------------------- Running selftest: --- 57 tests passed.
执行了下安装;
sudo python setup.py install
OK,竟然奇迹般的OK了。好,终于安装成功了【内心波涛汹涌:基本功很重要哇】
然后就再次运行该copy的代码:我擦又有问题出现了[生成的png有问题打不开]报错如下?
Traceback (most recent call last): File "margePng.py", line 44, in <module> final_img.save('merged_test.png') File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/Image.py", line 1682, in save File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py", line 735, in _save File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/ImageFile.py", line 473, in _save File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/Image.py", line 434, in _getencoder IOError: encoder zip not available
因为之前安装了libjpeg,就猜测性的将最后一句: final_img.save('merged.png') 改为了 final_img.save('merged.jpeg');好吧,这样竟然的确生成了拼接好的jpeg格式的图!!!
将代码改回原来的,再来按照网上的fix方法:
wget http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz tar xvfz Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz cd Imaging-1.1.7 python setup.py build_ext -i python setup.py install
之后运行 python margePng.py;问题依旧,(⊙o⊙)…!
继续搜索网上遇到这种问题的解决办法:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/QjEvm2 说多需要安装ZLIB。OK install it
下载地址:http://www.zlib.net/ ;download taar 之后运行下面代码
./configure
make
make install
卸载了之前安装的pillow后重新install了,跑了下那段代码。问题还是没有解决。(⊙o⊙)…
罢了罢了: 基本功了解的不扎实,已入魔道了。还是从基础学起吧,待的来日弄清了问题所在再将其 补录于此!
参考Blog文章: Here and Mac OSX 10.9安装python Pillow