C++高精度运算类bign (重载操作符)

大数据操作,有例如以下问题:

计算:456789135612326542132123+14875231656511323132

456789135612326542132123*14875231656511323132

比較:7531479535511335666686565>753147953551451213356666865 ?

long long类型存储不了,存储不了就实现不成计算,怎么办???

为了解决以上问题,所以得定义一种结构类型以存储这些数据,并重载运算符支持这些数据的操作。为了方便代码的复用因此有了例如以下代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std; const int maxn = 200;
struct bign{
int len, s[maxn]; /*下面的构造函数是C++中特有的,作用是进行初始化。
其实,当定义bign x时,就会运行这个函数,把x.s清零。并赋x.len=1 。
须要说明的是,在C++中,并不须要typedef就能够直接用结构体名来定义,并且
还提供“自己主动初始化”的功能,从这个意义上说。C++比C语言方便
*/
bign() {
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
len = 1;
} bign(int num) {
*this = num;
} //定义为const參数,作用是 不能对const參数的值做改动
bign(const char* num) {
*this = num;
}
/*以上是构造方法。初始化时对运行对应的方法*/ bign operator = (int num) {
char s[maxn];
sprintf(s, "%d", num);
*this = s;
return *this;
} //函数定义后的constkeyword,它表明“x.str()不会改变x”
string str() const {
string res = "";
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) res = (char)(s[i] + '0') + res;
if(res == "") res = "0";
return res;
} void clean() {
while(len > 1 && !s[len-1]) len--;
} /* 下面是重载操作符 */
bign operator = (const char* num) {
//逆序存储,方便计算
len = strlen(num);
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) s[i] = num[len-i-1] - '0';
return *this;
} bign operator + (const bign& b) const{
bign c;
c.len = 0;
for(int i = 0, g = 0; g || i < max(len, b.len); i++) {
int x = g;
if(i < len) x += s[i];
if(i < b.len) x += b.s[i];
c.s[c.len++] = x % 10;
g = x / 10;
}
return c;
} bign operator * (const bign& b) {
bign c; c.len = len + b.len;
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
for(int j = 0; j < b.len; j++)
c.s[i+j] += s[i] * b.s[j];
for(int i = 0; i < c.len-1; i++){
c.s[i+1] += c.s[i] / 10;
c.s[i] %= 10;
}
c.clean();
return c;
} bign operator - (const bign& b) {
bign c; c.len = 0;
for(int i = 0, g = 0; i < len; i++) {
int x = s[i] - g;
if(i < b.len) x -= b.s[i];
if(x >= 0) g = 0;
else {
g = 1;
x += 10;
}
c.s[c.len++] = x;
}
c.clean();
return c;
} bool operator < (const bign& b) const{
if(len != b.len) return len < b.len;
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
if(s[i] != b.s[i]) return s[i] < b.s[i];
return false;
} bool operator > (const bign& b) const{
return b < *this;
} bool operator <= (const bign& b) {
return !(b > *this);
} bool operator == (const bign& b) {
return !(b < *this) && !(*this < b);
} bign operator += (const bign& b) {
*this = *this + b;
return *this;
}
}; istream& operator >> (istream &in, bign& x) {
string s;
in >> s;
x = s.c_str();
return in;
} ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const bign& x) {
out << x.str();
return out;
} int main() {
bign a;
cin >> a;
a += "123456789123456789000000000";
cout << a*2 << endl;
return 0;
}
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