软件测试中的测试成熟度模型（TMM）是评价软件测试过程成熟度的一个框架。使用测试成熟度模型的目的是识别软件的成熟度，并提供改进软件测试过程的目标，以实现进度。它可以补充任何过程改进模型，也可以作为一个独立的模型。
测试成熟度模型（TMM）是基于能力成熟度模型（CMM）的，最早由伊利诺伊理工学院开发。这是一个测试过程改进的详细模型。
TMMi模型（见下图）着眼于不同成熟度级别的软件测试，首先假设所有组织都从成熟度阶梯的TMMi级别1开始。组织的测试实践越成熟，组织的成熟度就越高。
该模型有一个用于改进测试过程的分阶段体系结构。它包含一个组织在其测试过程从即席的、非托管的发展到管理的、定义的、度量的和处于优化模式的过程中所通过的级别，参见下面的图。实现每一个层次确保了适当的改进奠定了下一阶段的基础。
测试过程改进工作的重点是组织在其业务环境中的需求。通过不同的成熟度级别，可以提高测试和软件质量管理的能力，以适应业务或项目的需求。其中的好处是提高了软件产品质量，减少了缺陷。
对TMM各个Level的解读
TMM的五个级别有助于组织确定其过程的成熟度，并确定下一步的改进步骤，这些步骤对于实现更高级别的测试成熟度至关重要。
The five levels of the TMM helps the organization to determine the maturity of its process and to identify the next improvement steps that are essential to achieving a higher level of test maturity.
| TMM Levels TMM级别 |
Goals 目标 |
An objective of TMM levels TMM级别的子目标 |
| Level 1: Initial 第1级：初始级 |
Software should run successfully 软件必须运行成功 |
- At this level, no process areas are identified
- An objective of testing is to ensure that software is working fine
- This level lacks resources, tools, and trained staff
- No Quality Assurance checks before software delivery
|
| Level 2: Defined 第2级：可定义级 |
Develop testing and debugging goals and policies 开发测试和调试的目标和策略 |
- This level distinguish testing from debugging & they are considered distinct activities
- Testing phase comes after coding
- A primary goal of testing is to show software meets specification
- Basic testing methods and techniques are in place
|
| Level 3: Integrated 第3级：可集成级 |
Integration of testing into the software lifecycle 将软件测试集成到软件开发生命周期中 |
- Testing gets integrated into an entire life cycle
- Based on requirements test objectives are defined
- Test organization exists
- Testing recognized as a professional activity
|
| Level 4: Management and Measurement 第4级：可管理和度量级 |
Establish a test measurement program 建立一个软件测试度量体系 |
- Testing is a measured and quantified process
- Review at all development phases are recognized as tests
- For reuse and Regression Testing, test cases are gathered and recorded in a test database
- Defects are logged and given severity levels
|
| Level 5: Optimized 第5级：可优化级 |
Test process optimization 软件测试过程可优化 |
- Testing is managed and defined
- Testing effectiveness and costs can be monitored
- Testing can be fine-tuned and continuously improved
- Quality control and Defect prevention are practiced
- Process reuse is practiced
- Test related metrics also have tool support
- Tools provide support for Testcase design and defect collection
|
CMM和TMM的区别
| CMM |
TMM |
- CMM or Capability Maturity Model is for judging the maturity of the software processes of an organization
CMM或能力成熟度模型是用来判断一个组织的软件过程的成熟度的 |
- TMM or Test Maturity Model describes the process of testing and is related to monitoring the quality of software testing model
TMM或测试成熟度模型描述了测试的过程，与监控软件测试模型的质量有关 |
当在项目交付后发现缺陷时，软件维护既昂贵又耗时。因此，虽然检测缺陷很重要，但软件在开发阶段尽量减少错误也很重要。像TMM这样的标准测试过程可以帮助实现这一点。TMM（testingmaturitymodel）是专门针对测试而设计的，它可以帮助组织提高测试实践的成熟度。