1、mdev的使用方法和原理：
mdev是busybox 自带的一个简化版的udev，适合于嵌入式的应用埸合。其具有使用简单的特点。它的作用，就是在系统启动和热插拔或动态加载驱动程序时，自动产生驱动程序所需的节点文件。在以busybox 为基础构建嵌入式linux 的根文件系统时，使用它是最优的选择
下面介绍使用方法：
以字符设备char_dev为例，在驱动初始化的代码里调用class_create为该设备创建一个class，再为每个设备调用class_device_create创建对应的设备，这样的module被加载时，undev daemon就会自动在/dev下创建char_dev设备文件。大概方法如下：
struct class *myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, “char_dev”);
class_device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(major_num, 0), NULL, “char_dev”);
当然，在exit函数中要把创建的class移除：
class_destory(&xxx_dev->cdev);
class_device_desotry(my_class,MKDEV(major_num,0));
以上函数均在头文件#include<linux/device.h>中定义：
1、
#define class_create(owner, name) \
({ \
static struct lock_class_key __key; \
__class_create(owner, name, &__key); \owner 是拥有这个class的模块，name是要创建的class的名字
})
* class_create - create a struct class structure
* @owner: pointer to the module that is to "own" this struct class
* @name: pointer to a string for the name of this class.
* @key: the lock_class_key for this class; used by mutex lock debugging
extern struct class * __must_check __class_create(struct module*owner,
const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key);
2、
/**
* class_destroy - destroys a struct class structure
* @cls: pointer to the struct class that is to be destroyed
*
* Note, the pointer to be destroyed must have been created with a call
* to class_create().
*/
void class_destroy(struct class *cls)
3、
/**
* device_create - creates a device and registers it with sysfs
* @class: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to
* @parent: pointer to the parent struct device of this new device, if any
* @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added
* @drvdata: the data to be added to the device for callbacks
* @fmt: string for the device's name
*
* This function can be used by char device classes. A struct device
* will be created in sysfs, registered to the specified class.
*
* A "dev" file will be created, showing the dev_t for the device, if
* the dev_t is not 0,0.
* If a pointer to a parent struct device is passed in, the newly created
* struct device will be a child of that device in sysfs.
* The pointer to the struct device will be returned from the call.
* Any further sysfs files that might be required can be created using this
* pointer.
*
* Note: the struct class passed to this function must have previously
* been created with a call to class_create().
*/
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,
dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
4
/**
* device_destroy - removes a device that was created with device_create()
* @class: pointer to the struct class that this device was registered with
* @devt: the dev_t of the device that was previously registered
*
* This call unregisters and cleans up a device that was created with a
* call to device_create().
*/
void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
补充：
在Linux 2.6中，针对上面的这个问题不同的版本有些修改，使用前要先查看下/.../include/linux /device.h里的函数声明，如我用的是Linux 2.6.29，里面就没有class_device_create函数，而直接使用device_create就可以了，而在之前的版本如Li nux 2.6.15，里面就要用class _device_create函数
2、实例：fir_driv_auto.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h> //for mdev
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static struct class *fir_driv_class; //定义一个类
static int fir_driv_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
printk("first dirve open --xmkk\n");
return ;
}
static int fir_driv_write(struct inode *inode ,struct file *file)
{
printk("first dirve write --xmkk\n");
return ;
}
static struct file_operations fir_driv_fops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = fir_driv_open,
.write = fir_driv_write,
};
int major;
static int __init fir_driv_init(void)
{
printk("<1>\n Hello,First drive!\n");
major=register_chrdev(, "fir_dev", &fir_driv_fops);
//新建类
fir_driv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fir_dev");
if(IS_ERR(fir_driv_class))
return PTR_ERR(fir_driv_class);
//创建设备 /dev/fir_dev
device_create(fir_driv_class,NULL,MKDEV(major, 0),NULL,"fir_dev");
return ;
}
static void __exit fir_driv_exit(void)
{
printk("<1>\n Exit!\n");
//删除设备结点
device_destroy(fir_driv_class,MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(fir_driv_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "fir_dev");
}
module_init(fir_driv_init);
module_exit(fir_driv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");