CoreText原理及基本使用方法

  关于富文本的排版也是现在的一个技术点,以下是近日关于CoreText的学习记录以及个人理解,希望能对正在学习CoreText的朋友起到帮助。

  1.框架坐标系

  首先让我们先来看看CoreText坐标系和UIKit坐标系的不同
  CoreText原理及基本使用方法

  从图中可看出CoreText坐标系是以左下角为坐标原点,而我们常使用的UIKit是以左上角为坐标原点,因此在CoreText中的布局完成后需要对其坐标系进行转换,否则直接绘制出现位置反转的镜像情况。在通常情况下我们一般做法是直接获取当前上下文。并将当前上下文的坐标系转换为CoreText坐标系,再将布局好的CoreText绘制到当前上下文中即可。以下是此种方案的实现逻辑

    //获取当前上下文
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
//翻转坐标系步骤
//设置当前文本矩阵
CGContextSetTextMatrix(context, CGAffineTransformIdentity);
//文本沿y轴移动
CGContextTranslateCTM(context, , self.bounds.size.height);
//文本翻转成为CoreText坐标系
CGContextScaleCTM(context, , -);

  2.CoreText文本布局

  CoreText的布局同UIKit布局不太相同,CoreText中布局大体思路是确定文本绘制区域,接着得到文本实际大小(frame)。其具体步骤如下:

  1.首先要确定布局时绘制的区域,其对应的类为CG(Mutable)PathRef

   2.设置文本内容,其对应的类为NS(Mutable)AttributedString

   3.根据文本内容配置其CTFramesetterRef

   4.利用CTFramesetterRef得到CTFrame

  有了以上具体步骤那我们开始实际的代码操作:

    //1.创建绘制区域,显示的区域可以用CGMUtablePathRef生成任意的形状
CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddRect(path, NULL, CGRectMake(, , self.bounds.size.width - , self.bounds.size.height - ));
//2.创建需要绘制的文字
NSMutableAttributedString *attString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"\tWhen I will learn CoreText, i think it will hard for me.But it is easy.\n\tIn fact,if you bengin learn, you can know that every thing is easy when you start.you just need some knowlages"];
//3.根据AttString生成CTFramesetterRef
CTFramesetterRef frameSetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)attString);
CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(frameSetter, CFRangeMake(, [attString length]), path, NULL);

  2.1文本属性设置

  此处我们使用的是NSmutableAttributedString来进行文本设置,是因为我们可以很方便的设置其属性,以下为部分属性设置

    //设置绘制的文本内容
NSMutableAttributedString *attString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"\tWhen I will learn CoreText, i think it will hard for me.But it is easy.\n\tIn fact,if you bengin learn, you can know that every thing is easy when you start.you just need some knowlages"];
//设置文本内容的属性
//1设置部分文字颜色
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor redColor] range:NSMakeRange( , )];
//2设置部分文字字体
CGFloat fontSize = ;
CTFontRef fontRef = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)@"ArialMT", fontSize, NULL);
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(__bridge id)fontRef range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//3设置斜体
CTFontRef italicFontRef = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:].fontName, , NULL);
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTFontAttributeName value:(__bridge id)italicFontRef range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//4设置下划线
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName value:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInteger:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble] range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//5设置下划线颜色
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTUnderlineColorAttributeName value:(id)[UIColor greenColor].CGColor range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//6设置空心字
long number1 = ;
CFNumberRef numRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt8Type, &number1);
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTStrokeWidthAttributeName value:(__bridge id)numRef range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//7设置字体间距
long number = ;
CFNumberRef num = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt8Type, &number);
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTKernAttributeName value:(__bridge id)num range:NSMakeRange(, )];
//8设置行间距
CGFloat lineSpacing = ;
const CFIndex kNumberOfSettings = ;
CTParagraphStyleSetting theSettings[kNumberOfSettings] = {
{kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment, sizeof(CGFloat), &lineSpacing},
{kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMaximumLineHeight, sizeof(CGFloat), &lineSpacing},
{kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierMinimumLineHeight, sizeof(CGFloat), &lineSpacing}
};
CTParagraphStyleRef theParagraphRef = CTParagraphStyleCreate(theSettings, kNumberOfSettings);
[attString addAttribute:(id)kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName value:(__bridge id)theParagraphRef range:NSMakeRange(, [attString length])];

  2.2图片文本内容

  图片宽高在工程中都需要加载后才知道,而在文本绘制中需要直接留出其位置再进行绘制,所以图片的宽高都是在数据中保存好的,此处笔者用固定值来表示其宽高。为了留出其位置我们需要用空白的字符来做占位符使用。为了知道其图片绘制的位置(即空白占位符位置)我们需要设置代理才能够得知图片绘制位置。具体步骤如下:

  1.创建CTRunDelegateCallbacks 回调函数:通过回调函数来确定图片绘制的宽高

   2.创建空白占位字符  

   3.设置CTRunDeleagte:通过代理来找到该字符串,并确定图片绘制的原点

  下面让我们来看看具体的实现代码

#pragma mark - CTRunDelegateCallbacks Method
//此处使用的字典结构来存储数值
static CGFloat heightCallBack(void *ref) {
return [(NSNumber *)[(__bridge NSDictionary *)ref objectForKey:@"height"] floatValue];
}
static CGFloat descentCallBack (void *ref) {
return ;
}
static CGFloat widthCallBack (void *ref) {
return [(NSNumber *)[(__bridge NSDictionary *)ref objectForKey:@"width"] floatValue];
} #pragma mark - 空白占位符及代理设置
//CTRunDelegateCallBacks:用于保存指针的结构体,由CTRun delegate进行回调
CTRunDelegateCallbacks callbacks;
memset(&callbacks, , sizeof(CTRunDelegateCallbacks));
callbacks.version = kCTRunDelegateVersion1;
callbacks.getAscent = heightCallBack;
callbacks.getDescent = descentCallBack;
callbacks.getWidth = widthCallBack;
//图片信息字典
NSDictionary *imgInfoDic = @{@"width":@,@"height":@};
//创建CTRunDelegate的代理
CTRunDelegateRef delegate = CTRunDelegateCreate(&callbacks, (__bridge void*)imgInfoDic);
//使用oxFFFC作为空白占位符
unichar objectReplacementChar = 0xFFFC;
NSString *content = [NSString stringWithCharacters:&objectReplacementChar length:];
NSMutableAttributedString *space = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:content];
//设置代理
  CFAttributedStringSetAttribute((CFMutableAttributedStringRef)space, CFRangeMake(, ), kCTRunDelegateAttributeName, delegate);

  在贴出获取图片位置代码前,还需要补充一个理论知识,在CoreText中所有的布局都是基于行(CTLineRef)来进行的,每行都是一个CTLineRef对象,在每行当中又包含多个属性(CTRunRef)每行的属性可设置代理,如上面笔者就是对空白占位符这个CTRunRef设置了代理。下面为CTLineRef和CTRunRef的示意图

  CoreText原理及基本使用方法

  明白此中原理后便可以上代码了解具体怎么实现

    //获取CTLine数组
NSArray *lines = (NSArray *)CTFrameGetLines(ctframe);
NSInteger lineCount = lines.count;
CGPoint lineOrigins[lineCount];
CTFrameGetLineOrigins(ctframe, CFRangeMake(, ), lineOrigins);
//遍历每一个CTline
for (NSInteger i = ; i < lineCount; i ++) {
CTLineRef line = (__bridge CTLineRef)lines[i];
NSArray *runObjArray = (NSArray *)CTLineGetGlyphRuns(line);
//遍历每个CTLine中的CTRun找到空白字符的delegate
for (id runObj in runObjArray) {
CTRunRef run = (__bridge CTRunRef)runObj;
NSDictionary *runAttributes = (NSDictionary *)CTRunGetAttributes(run);
CTRunDelegateRef delegate = (__bridge CTRunDelegateRef)[runAttributes valueForKey:(id)kCTRunDelegateAttributeName];
if (delegate == nil) {
continue;
}
NSDictionary *metaDic = CTRunDelegateGetRefCon(delegate);
if (![metaDic isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
continue;
}
//找到代理后开始计算空白字符的位置
CGRect runBounds;
CGFloat ascent;
CGFloat descent; runBounds.size.width = CTRunGetTypographicBounds(run, CFRangeMake(, ), &ascent, &descent, NULL);
runBounds.size.height = ascent + descent;
//计算在行当中的x偏移量
CGFloat xOffset = CTLineGetOffsetForStringIndex(line, CTRunGetStringRange(run).location, NULL);
runBounds.origin.x = lineOrigins[i].x + xOffset;
runBounds.origin.y = lineOrigins[i].y - descent;
//获得ctframe的绘制区域
CGPathRef pathRef = CTFrameGetPath(ctframe);
//计算此绘制区域的范围
CGRect colRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(pathRef);
//计算在此区域中空白字符的位置
CGRect delegateBounds= CGRectOffset(runBounds, colRect.origin.x, colRect.origin.y);
//记录空白字符位置
_imageRect = delegateBounds;
//返回空白字符位置
return delegateBounds;
}
}
//若没有找到对应的代理则返回空位置
return CGRectZero;

  3.绘制文本内容

  绘制文本内容相对来说就比较简单了,只需要在2句代码即可搞定

    //绘制文本
CTFrameDraw(frame, context);
//绘制图像
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"boat.jpg"];
CGContextDrawImage(context, _imageRect, image.CGImage);

  4.总结

  到此一个基本的CoreText布局排版已完成(注意绘制文本需要在drawRect中进行)。这里放上一个demo链接https://github.com/PurpleSweetPotatoes/CoreText_Learn.git,demo中包含了富文本点击事件的处理,是对《iOS开发进阶》书中CoreText的示例的整理,其中的逻辑思路就不在此赘述了,在demo中有详细的注释,朋友们可以直接下载学习。若文章或demo中有任何错误欢迎指正,谢谢!

  

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