1.WCF中的 "A","B","C" 介绍
我们先看个生活中的例子,某一天,公司的领导让你去送一份合同文件,送文件的过程你可以选择的交通方式为“打车”、“公交”、“地铁”,当然费用是根据发票来报销的,到了对方公司后你要找到某经理,并且要一份收到合同文件的回执和相关文件。
要完成这项工作任务我们执行以下几个主要的步骤:
(1)我们首先要知道对方公司的地址,引出WCF中的"A"。
A(Address):英文理解为"地址",在计算机中是通过一个URI唯一地址标识,通过这个地址我们可以找到我们要调用的WCF服务。
A解决了:Where to locate the WCF Service?
(2)我们还要选择我们的交通方式,每种交通方式达到的结果不一样。如:打车费用较贵、但是过程舒服些,时间上视道路情况而定。公交最便宜,并且可选择多条线路。地铁最方便,但是偶尔会很挤,一般都没座等等,引出WCF中的"B"。
B(Binding):英文理解为"捆绑,绑定", Binding实现在Client和Service通信的所有底层细节。如:我们在客户端与服务端传输的时候采用的是什么样的编码,XML?Text?二进制?...采用哪种传输协议进行传输,TCP?Http?以及采用什么样的机制解决安全问题,SSL?加密?...
B解决了:How to communicate with service?
(3)到了对方公司之后我们能做哪些事?I.送合同,II.拿回执。我们不能要求对方公司给我们其他的东西,引出WCF中的"C"。
C(Contract):英文理解为"合同",合同是什么?告诉我们哪些事能做,如些事不能做。 Contract的主要的作用是暴露某个WCF Service所提供的所有有效的方法。Contract实际上是把每个方法的转化成为相对应的消息。
C解决了:What functionalities do the Service provide?
2.简化WCF的配置
我们可以通过单击“工具”--“WCF服务配置编辑器”,开启WCF服务配置编辑器。
3.构建一个简单的WCF应用
接口ICalculator
[ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService", Namespace ="http://www.wzl.com/")] public interface ICalculator { [OperationContract] double Add(double x, double y); [OperationContract] double Subtract(double x, double y); [OperationContract] double Multiply(double x, double y); [OperationContract] double Divide(double x, double y); }
实现接口Service
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator { public double Add(double x, double y) { return x + y; } public double Subtract(double x, double y) { return x - y; } public double Multiply(double x, double y) { return x * y; } public double Divide(double x, double y) { return x / y; }
第一种:
Host启用服务:不需要任何配置文件
static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService))) { host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(),"http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice"); if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null) { ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior(); behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true; behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata"); host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior); } host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动,按任意键终止服务!"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } }
Client调用:通过添加服务引用的方式(右键引用-添加服务引用)
static void Main(string[] args) { using (CalculatorServiceClient proxy = new CalculatorServiceClient()) { Console.WriteLine("x + y = {2} when x = {0} and y = {1}", 1, 2, proxy.Add(1, 2)); Console.WriteLine("x - y = {2} when x = {0} and y = {1}", 1, 2, proxy.Subtract(1, 2)); Console.WriteLine("x * y = {2} when x = {0} and y = {1}", 1, 2, proxy.Multiply(1, 2)); Console.WriteLine("x / y = {2} when x = {0} and y = {1}", 1, 2, proxy.Divide(1, 2)); } Console.Read(); }
第二种:
Host启用服务:通过配置文件
<system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="metadataBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Service.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior" > <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Artech.WcfServices.Service.Interface.ICalculator" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel>
启用
static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService))) { host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动,按任意键终止服务!"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } }
Client调用:
static void Main(string[] args) { using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>(new WSHttpBinding(), "http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice")) { ICalculator proxy = channelFactory.CreateChannel(); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Add(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Subtract(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Multiply(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Divide(, )); } Console.Read(); }
第三种:
Host启用服务:通过配置文件
<system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="metadataBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice/metadata" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service name="Artech.WcfServices.Service.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior" > <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Artech.WcfServices.Service.Interface.ICalculator" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel>
启用
static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService))) { host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已经启动,按任意键终止服务!"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } }
Client调用:通过配置文件
<system.serviceModel> <client> <endpoint name="calculatorservice" address="http://127.0.0.1:3721/calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Artech.WcfServices.Service.Interface.ICalculator" /> </client> </system.serviceModel>
调用
static void Main(string[] args) { using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculatorservice")) { ICalculator proxy = channelFactory.CreateChannel(); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Add(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Subtract(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Multiply(, )); Console.WriteLine(, , proxy.Divide(, )); } Console.Read(); }
第四种:通过发布部署到IIS的方式