1. 简介

@Conditional注解在Spring4.0中引入，其主要作用就是判断条件是否满足，从而决定是否初始化并向容器注册Bean。

2. 定义

2.1 @Conditional

@Conditional注解定义如下：其内部只有一个参数为Class对象数组，且必须继承自Condition接口，通过重写Condition接口的matches方法来判断是否需要加载Bean

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Conditional {
  Class<? extends Condition>[] value();
}

2.2 Condition

Condition接口定义如下：该接口为一个函数式接口，只有一个matches接口，形参为ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata。ConditionContext定义如2.2.1,AnnotatedTypeMetadata见名知意，就是用来获取注解的元信息的

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Condition {
  boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata);
}

2.2.1 ConditionContext

ConditionContext接口定义如下：通过查看源码可以知道，从这个类中可以获取很多有用的信息

public interface ConditionContext {
  /**
   * 返回Bean定义信息
   * Return the {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} that will hold the bean definition
   * should the condition match.
   * @throws IllegalStateException if no registry is available (which is unusual:
   * only the case with a plain {@link ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider})
   */
  BeanDefinitionRegistry getRegistry();

  /**
   * 返回Bean工厂
   * Return the {@link ConfigurableListableBeanFactory} that will hold the bean
   * definition should the condition match, or {@code null} if the bean factory is
   * not available (or not downcastable to {@code ConfigurableListableBeanFactory}).
   */
  @Nullable
  ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory();

  /**
   * 返回环境变量 比如在application.yaml中定义的信息
   * Return the {@link Environment} for which the current application is running.
   */
  Environment getEnvironment();

  /**
   * 返回资源加载器
   * Return the {@link ResourceLoader} currently being used.
   */
  ResourceLoader getResourceLoader();

  /**
   * 返回类加载器
   * Return the {@link ClassLoader} that should be used to load additional classes
   * (only {@code null} if even the system ClassLoader isn't accessible).
   * @see org.springframework.util.ClassUtils#forName(String, ClassLoader)
   */
  @Nullable
  ClassLoader getClassLoader();
}

3. 使用说明

通过一个简单的小例子测试一下@Conditional是不是真的能实现Bean的条件化注入。

3.1 创建项目

首先我们创建一个SpringBoot项目

3.1.1 导入依赖

这里我们除了springboot依赖，再添加个lombok依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ldx</groupId>
    <artifactId>condition</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>condition</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3.1.2 添加配置信息

在application.yaml 中加入配置信息

user:
  enable: false

3.1.3 创建User类

package com.ldx.condition;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;

/**
 * 用户信息
 * @author ludangxin
 * @date 2021/8/1
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
   private String name;
   private Integer age;
}

3.1.4 创建条件实现类

package com.ldx.condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;

/**
 * 用户bean条件判断
 * @author ludangxin
 * @date 2021/8/1
 */
public class UserCondition implements Condition {
   @Override
   public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
      Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
      // 获取property user.enable
      String property = environment.getProperty("user.enable");
      // 如果user.enable的值等于true 那么返回值为true，反之为false
      return "true".equals(property);
   }
}

3.1.5 修改启动类

package com.ldx.condition;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;

@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConditionApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(ConditionApplication.class, args);
      // 获取类型为User类的Bean
      User user = applicationContext.getBean(User.class);
      log.info("user bean === {}", user);
   }

  /**
   * 注入User类型的Bean
   */
   @Bean
   @Conditional(UserCondition.class)
   public User getUser(){
      return new User("张三",18);
   }

}

3.2 测试

3.2.1 当user.enable=false

报错找不到可用的User类型的Bean

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.5.3)

2021-08-01 17:07:51.994  INFO 47036 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47036 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)
2021-08-01 17:07:51.997  INFO 47036 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-08-01 17:07:52.461  INFO 47036 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : Started ConditionApplication in 0.791 seconds (JVM running for 1.371)
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.ldx.condition.User' available
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:351)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:342)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1172)
	at com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication.main(ConditionApplication.java:16)

Process finished with exit code 1

3.2.2 当user.enable=true

正常输出UserBean实例信息

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.5.3)

2021-08-01 17:13:38.022  INFO 47129 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47129 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)
2021-08-01 17:13:38.024  INFO 47129 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-08-01 17:13:38.434  INFO 47129 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : Started ConditionApplication in 0.711 seconds (JVM running for 1.166)
2021-08-01 17:13:38.438  INFO 47129 --- [           main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication   : user bean === User(name=张三, age=18)

3.3 小结

上面的例子通过使用@Conditional和Condition接口，实现了spring bean的条件化注入。

好处：

1. 可以实现某些配置的开关功能，如上面的例子，我们可以将UserBean换成开启缓存的配置，当property的值为true时，我们才开启缓存的配置。
2. 当有多个同名的bean时，如何抉择的问题。
3. 实现自动化的装载。如判断当前classpath中有mysql的驱动类时（说明我们当前的系统需要使用mysql），我们就自动的读取application.yaml中的mysql配置，实现自动装载；当没有驱动时，就不加载。

4. 改进

从上面的使用说明中我们了解到了条件注解的大概使用方法，但是代码中还是有很多硬编码的问题。比如：UserCondition中的property的key包括value都是硬编码，其实我们可以通过再扩展一个注解来实现动态的判断和绑定。

4.1 创建注解

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 自定义条件属性注解
 * <p>
 *   当配置的property name对应的值 与设置的 value值相等时，则注入bean
 * @author ludangxin
 * @date 2021/8/1
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
// 指定condition的实现类
@Conditional({UserCondition.class})
public @interface MyConditionOnProperty {
   // 配置信息的key
   String name();
   // 配置信息key对应的值
   String value();
}

4.2 修改UserCondition

package com.ldx.condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 用户bean条件判断
 * @author ludangxin
 * @date 2021/8/1
 */
public class UserCondition implements Condition {
   @Override
   public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
      Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
      // 获取自定义的注解
      Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes = annotatedTypeMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes("com.ldx.condition.MyConditionOnProperty");
      // 获取在注解中指定的name的property的值 如：user.enable的值
      String property = environment.getProperty(annotationAttributes.get("name").toString());
      // 获取预期的值
      String value = annotationAttributes.get("value").toString();
      return value.equals(property);
   }
}

测试后，结果符合预期。

其实在spring中已经内置了许多常用的条件注解，其中我们刚实现的就在内置的注解中已经实现了，如下。

5. Spring内置条件注解

注解	说明
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate	当给定类型的bean存在并且指定为Primary的给定类型存在时,返回true
@ConditionalOnMissingBean	当给定的类型、类名、注解、昵称在beanFactory中不存在时返回true.各类型间是or的关系
@ConditionalOnBean	与上面相反，要求bean存在
@ConditionalOnMissingClass	当给定的类名在类路径上不存在时返回true,各类型间是and的关系
@ConditionalOnClass	与上面相反，要求类存在
@ConditionalOnCloudPlatform	当所配置的CloudPlatform为激活时返回true
@ConditionalOnExpression	spel表达式执行为true
@ConditionalOnJava	运行时的java版本号是否包含给定的版本号.如果包含,返回匹配,否则,返回不匹配
@ConditionalOnProperty	要求配置属性匹配条件
@ConditionalOnJndi	给定的jndi的Location 必须存在一个.否则,返回不匹配
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication	web环境不存在时
@ConditionalOnWebApplication	web环境存在时
@ConditionalOnResource	要求制定的资源存在