python
可以直接对实例化的属性进行赋值
class Test():
name = "小明"
def __init__(self):{
//self.name = name; 不能调用, java如果设置了静态字段的话,是可以直接调用的,
}
a = Test() #小明
b = Test() #小明
c = Test() #小明
print(a.name)
print(b.name)
print(c.name)
print("--------")
a.name = "小红" //表示只给当前的实例添加了一个属性,name='小红',不影响其他的实例
print(a.name) #小红
print(b.name) #小明
print(c.name) #小明
java
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Test a = new Test("小明");
Test b = new Test("小红");
Test c = new Test("小花");
System.out.println(a.getInfo());//由于设置了private 所以不能直接调用a.name System.out.println(a.country);//中国 没有设置 private 所以可以 直接调用a.country
System.out.println(b.country);//中国
System.out.println(c.country);//中国
a.country = "新中国"; //改变静态字段值,即改变了类字段,其他的实例,都用的是这个字段
System.out.println(a.country);//新中国
System.out.println(b.country);//新中国
System.out.println(c.country);//新中国
}
} class Test{
private String name;
static String country = "中国";
public Test(String name){ //构造方法
this.name = name;
this.country = country; //可以去掉,没有任何效果
}
public String getInfo(){
return this.name; //由于设置了私有字段(private),所以需要开辟接口,用来获取字段
}
}
注意
如果属性为静态字段,构造方法中由对该静态字段重新赋值,修改的还是静态字段,并没有给实例创建新字段;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Test a = new Test("小明","z");
Test b = new Test("小红","d");
Test c = new Test("小花","x"); System.out.println(a.country);//x //全部为最后一个创建实例时,设置的国家
System.out.println(b.country);//x
System.out.println(c.country);//x
a.country = "新中国";//直接将静态字段改变了 System.out.println(a.country);//新中国
System.out.println(b.country);//新中国
System.out.println(c.country);//新中国
}
} class Test{
private String name;
static String country = "中国";
public Test(String name,String country){
this.name = name;
this.country = country;
}
}
如果需要每一个实例都有自己的国家,传入的字段不要设置为静态字段即可
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Test a = new Test("小明","z");
Test b = new Test("小红","d");
Test c = new Test("小花","x"); System.out.println(a.country);//z
System.out.println(b.country);//d
System.out.println(c.country);//x
a.country = "新中国";//直接将静态字段改变了 System.out.println(a.country);//新中国
System.out.println(b.country);//d
System.out.println(c.country);//x
}
} class Test{
private String name;
String country = "中国";
public Test(String name,String country){
this.name = name;
this.country = country;
}
public String getInfo(){
return this.name; //由于设置了私有字段(private),所以需要开辟接口,用来获取字段
}
}
java可以向python一样直接给实例添加属性,前提先声明,不能是私有字段,[也最好不要是静态字段,不然多个实例,会共享这个字段]
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Test t = new Test();
t.name = "ddd";
System.out.println(t.name);
}
}
class Test{
String name;
}
此时的效果和python一样了
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Test a = new Test("小明");
Test b = new Test("小红");
Test c = new Test("小花"); System.out.println(a.country);//中国
System.out.println(b.country);//中国
System.out.println(c.country);//中国 a.country = "新中国"; //给当前的实例添加一个新属性,不影响其他的实例
System.out.println(a.country);//新中国
System.out.println(b.country);//中国
System.out.println(c.country);//中国
}
}
class Test{
private String name;
String country = "中国";
public Test(String name){
this.name = name;
}
}