本实验中，我们通过三台服务器搭建一个最简单的复制集
1、关闭防火墙
输入命令“systemctl status firewalld.service”并按下回车键
在命令行中输入systemctl stop firewalld.service命令，进行关闭防火墙
再在命令行中输入命令“systemctl disable firewalld.service”命令，即可永久关闭防火墙
[root@localhost wsq]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 日 2021-03-28 09:57:29 CST; 54min ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 6689 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─6689 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
3月 28 09:57:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynam...
3月 28 09:57:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynami...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost wsq]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost wsq]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
2、查看三台服务器的ip
通过ip addr
[root@localhost wsq]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a8:d9:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.87.20/23 brd 172.18.87.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 6782sec preferred_lft 6782sec
inet6 fe80::907a:cf7:aca7:b430/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:32:fc:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:32:fc:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
其中inet 172.18.87.20为第一台服务器Ip
通过查询得知三台服务器的ip
| 服务器1 | 172.18.87.20 |
| 服务器2 | 172.18.86.119 |
| 服务器3 | 172.18.86.227 |
3、安装mongodb
从官网下载的默认地址为下载，解压安装
[root@localhost wsq]# cd /home/wsq/下载
[root@localhost 下载]# tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23.tgz
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.gotools
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/README
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/MPL-2
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/LICENSE-Community.txt
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongodump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongorestore
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongoexport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongoimport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongostat
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongotop
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/bsondump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongofiles
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongoreplay
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongod
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongos
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/mongo
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23/bin/install_compass
[root@localhost 下载]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.23 /usr/local/mongodb
[root@localhost 下载]# cd /usr/local/mongodb
[root@localhost mongodb]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mongodb]# source /etc/profile
4、复制集的创建
4.1副本集的角色
副本集主要有两种类型和三种角色
两种类型：
- 主节点（Primary）：数据操作的主要连接点，允许读和写操作
- 从节点（Secondaries）：数据冗余备份节点，可以读或选举为主节点
角色：
MongoDB主要有三种角色
主要成员（Primary）：主节点，主要接收所有的写操作
副本成员（Replicate）：主从节点通过备份操作以维护相同的数据集。只支持读操作，不支持写操作。拥有选举能力
仲裁者（Arbiter）：不保留任何数据的副本，只具有选举作用。副本成员也可以作为仲裁者。
4.2副本集的创建
我们本次实验以一主一副一仲裁为案例搭建副本集。
本次使用三台服务器。服务器不够的同学，可以在一台服务器进行操作，操作步骤类似，只需要配置三个不同的端口即可。
三台机器的ip分别为：172.18.87.20 172.18.86.119 172.18.86.227
4.2.1 创建主节点（即在第一台服务器上实现此操作）
创建存放数据和日志的目录
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/log
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/data/db创建配置文件
vim /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/mongod.conf
mongod.conf
systemLog:
#日志输出为文件
destination: file
#日志文件的路径
path: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/log/mongod.log"
#mongod实例重新启动时，会将新条目附加到现有日志文件的末尾。
logAppend: true
storage:
#数据目录。
dbPath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/data/db"
journal:
#启用持久性日志
enabled: true
processManagement:
#启用守护进程模式。
fork: true
#指定进程ID的文件位置
pidFilePath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/log/mongod.pid"
net:
#服务实例绑定的IP
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#绑定的端口
port: 27017
replication:
#副本集的名称
replSetName: myrs启动节点
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_1/mongod.conf4.2.2 创建副本节点
创建存放数据和日志的目录
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/log
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/data/db
创建配置文件
vim /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/mongod.conf
mongod.conf
systemLog:
#日志输出为文件
destination: file
#日志文件的路径
path: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/log/mongod.log"
#mongod实例重新启动时，会将新条目附加到现有日志文件的末尾。
logAppend: true
storage:
#数据目录。
dbPath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/data/db"
journal:
#启用持久性日志
enabled: true
processManagement:
#启用守护进程模式。
fork: true
#指定进程ID的文件位置
pidFilePath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/log/mongod.pid"
net:
#服务实例绑定的IP
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#绑定的端口
port: 27017
replication:
#副本集的名称
replSetName: myrs启动节点
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_2/mongod.conf4.2.3 创建仲裁节点
创建存放数据和日志的目录
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/log
mkdir -p /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/data/db
创建配置文件
vim /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/mongod.conf
mongod.conf
systemLog:
#日志输出为文件
destination: file
#日志文件的路径
path: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/log/mongod.log"
#mongod实例重新启动时，会将新条目附加到现有日志文件的末尾。
logAppend: true
storage:
#数据目录。
dbPath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/data/db"
journal:
#启用持久性日志
enabled: true
processManagement:
#启用守护进程模式。
fork: true
#指定进程ID的文件位置
pidFilePath: "/mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/log/mongod.pid"
net:
#服务实例绑定的IP
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#绑定的端口
port: 27017
replication:
#副本集的名称
replSetName: myrs启动节点
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /mongodb/replica_sets/rs_3/mongod.conf4.3 初始化副本集和主节点
连接任意一个节点（最好连接我们认为的主节点）
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo --host=172.18.87.20 --port=27017
在配置副本集之前，现在的mongodb几乎所有的命令都是无法使用的。
初始化副本集
rs.initiate()
> rs.initiate()
{
"info2" : "no configuration specified. Using a default configuration for the set",
"me" : "localhost.localdomain:27017",
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1616909801, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1616909801, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
myrs:OTHER> 回车
myrs:PRIMARY>
ok的值为1则初始化成功
注意：这里显示的me不是ip:端口，需要修改
rs.conf()
展示出配置，可以看到host，我们需要修改的就是这个
# 导出配置到config
config = rs.conf()
# 设置第1个节点的优先级是10
config.members[0].host="172.18.87.20:27017"
# 重载配置
rs.reconfig(config)
4.4 查看副本集配置和状态
查看副本集配置
rs.conf()
或者
rs.config()
myrs:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "myrs",
"version" : 2,
"protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1),
"writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault" : true,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "172.18.87.20:27017",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {
},
"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),
"votes" : 1
}
],
"settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000,
"heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000,
"catchUpTimeoutMillis" : -1,
"catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis" : 30000,
"getLastErrorModes" : {
},
"getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1,
"wtimeout" : 0
},
"replicaSetId" : ObjectId("606015e97a99916d7dbeeb2e")
}
}
myrs:PRIMARY>
_id:"rs"副本集名称
members：副本集成员数组
arbiterOnly：该成员是否为仲裁节点
priority：优先级权重值rs.conf() 命令，本质上其实是查询
local库中system.replset集合中的数据db.system.replset.find()
查看副本集状态
rs.status()
set:"rs"：副本集名称
myState: 1：说明状态正常
members：副本集成员数组
stateStr：该成员的角色
health:1：该节点是健康的
4.5 添加副本
在主节点，添加其他成员到副本集
rs.add(host, arbiterOnly)
rs.add("172.18.86.119:27017")
rs.status()
myrs:PRIMARY> rs.add("172.18.86.119:27017")
{
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
myrs:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "myrs",
"date" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:43.568Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"electionCandidateMetrics" : {
"lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.092Z"),
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616909801, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"numVotesNeeded" : 1,
"priorityAtElection" : 1,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.112Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.220Z")
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "172.18.87.20:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 1002,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:34Z"),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1616909802, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42Z"),
"configVersion" : 3,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "172.18.86.119:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 9,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:34Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:34Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:42.055Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:49:43.083Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 3
}
],
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1616910574, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| host | 副本集成员地址，格式一般是ip:端口 |
| arbiterOnly | 可选值，当为true时则表示该节点是仲裁者 |
仲裁节点也可以使用该命令，还可以使用下面的命令添加仲裁节点
rs.addArb(host)
rs.addArb("172.18.86.227:27017")
myrs:PRIMARY> rs.addArb("172.18.86.227:27017")
{
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
myrs:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "myrs",
"date" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:52:06.480Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1616910702, 1),
"electionCandidateMetrics" : {
"lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.092Z"),
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616909801, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"numVotesNeeded" : 1,
"priorityAtElection" : 1,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.112Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42.220Z")
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "172.18.87.20:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 1145,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:51:54Z"),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1616909802, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:36:42Z"),
"configVersion" : 4,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "172.18.86.119:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 152,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:51:54Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:51:54Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:52:04.895Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:52:06.449Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 4
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "172.18.86.227:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 7,
"stateStr" : "ARBITER",
"uptime" : 11,
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:52:04.907Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-03-28T05:52:04.947Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 4
}
],
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1616910714, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
myrs:PRIMARY>
添加了的副本可以使用 rs.remove(host) 移除