Java多线程系列--“JUC集合”08之 LinkedBlockingQueue

概要

本章介绍JUC包中的LinkedBlockingQueue。内容包括:
LinkedBlockingQueue介绍
LinkedBlockingQueue原理和数据结构
LinkedBlockingQueue函数列表
LinkedBlockingQueue源码分析(JDK1.7.0_40版本)
LinkedBlockingQueue示例

转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3503458.html

LinkedBlockingQueue介绍

LinkedBlockingQueue是一个单向链表实现的阻塞队列。该队列按 FIFO(先进先出)排序元素,新元素插入到队列的尾部,并且队列获取操作会获得位于队列头部的元素。链接队列的吞吐量通常要高于基于数组的队列,但是在大多数并发应用程序中,其可预知的性能要低。

此外,LinkedBlockingQueue还是可选容量的(防止过度膨胀),即可以指定队列的容量。如果不指定,默认容量大小等于Integer.MAX_VALUE。

LinkedBlockingQueue原理和数据结构

LinkedBlockingQueue的数据结构,如下图所示:

Java多线程系列--“JUC集合”08之 LinkedBlockingQueue

说明
1. LinkedBlockingQueue继承于AbstractQueue,它本质上是一个FIFO(先进先出)的队列。
2. LinkedBlockingQueue实现了BlockingQueue接口,它支持多线程并发。当多线程竞争同一个资源时,某线程获取到该资源之后,其它线程需要阻塞等待。
3. LinkedBlockingQueue是通过单链表实现的。
(01) head是链表的表头。取出数据时,都是从表头head处插入。
(02) last是链表的表尾。新增数据时,都是从表尾last处插入。
(03) count是链表的实际大小,即当前链表中包含的节点个数。
(04) capacity是列表的容量,它是在创建链表时指定的。
(05) putLock是插入锁,takeLock是取出锁;notEmpty是“非空条件”,notFull是“未满条件”。通过它们对链表进行并发控制。
       LinkedBlockingQueue在实现“多线程对竞争资源的互斥访问”时,对于“插入”和“取出(删除)”操作分别使用了不同的锁。对于插入操作,通过“插入锁putLock”进行同步;对于取出操作,通过“取出锁takeLock”进行同步。
       此外,插入锁putLock和“非满条件notFull”相关联,取出锁takeLock和“非空条件notEmpty”相关联。通过notFull和notEmpty更细腻的控制锁。

     -- 若某线程(线程A)要取出数据时,队列正好为空,则该线程会执行notEmpty.await()进行等待;当其它某个线程(线程B)向队列中插入了数据之后,会调用notEmpty.signal()唤醒“notEmpty上的等待线程”。此时,线程A会被唤醒从而得以继续运行。 此外,线程A在执行取操作前,会获取takeLock,在取操作执行完毕再释放takeLock。
-- 若某线程(线程H)要插入数据时,队列已满,则该线程会它执行notFull.await()进行等待;当其它某个线程(线程I)取出数据之后,会调用notFull.signal()唤醒“notFull上的等待线程”。此时,线程H就会被唤醒从而得以继续运行。 此外,线程H在执行插入操作前,会获取putLock,在插入操作执行完毕才释放putLock。

关于ReentrantLock 和 Condition等更多的内容,可以参考:
    (01) Java多线程系列--“JUC锁”02之 互斥锁ReentrantLock
    (02) Java多线程系列--“JUC锁”03之 公平锁(一)
    (03) Java多线程系列--“JUC锁”04之 公平锁(二)
    (04) Java多线程系列--“JUC锁”05之 非公平锁
    (05) Java多线程系列--“JUC锁”06之 Condition条件

LinkedBlockingQueue函数列表

// 创建一个容量为 Integer.MAX_VALUE 的 LinkedBlockingQueue。
LinkedBlockingQueue()
// 创建一个容量是 Integer.MAX_VALUE 的 LinkedBlockingQueue,最初包含给定 collection 的元素,元素按该 collection 迭代器的遍历顺序添加。
LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c)
// 创建一个具有给定(固定)容量的 LinkedBlockingQueue。
LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) // 从队列彻底移除所有元素。
void clear()
// 移除此队列中所有可用的元素,并将它们添加到给定 collection 中。
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c)
// 最多从此队列中移除给定数量的可用元素,并将这些元素添加到给定 collection 中。
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
// 返回在队列中的元素上按适当顺序进行迭代的迭代器。
Iterator<E> iterator()
// 将指定元素插入到此队列的尾部(如果立即可行且不会超出此队列的容量),在成功时返回 true,如果此队列已满,则返回 false。
boolean offer(E e)
// 将指定元素插入到此队列的尾部,如有必要,则等待指定的时间以使空间变得可用。
boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 获取但不移除此队列的头;如果此队列为空,则返回 null。
E peek()
// 获取并移除此队列的头,如果此队列为空,则返回 null。
E poll()
// 获取并移除此队列的头部,在指定的等待时间前等待可用的元素(如果有必要)。
E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 将指定元素插入到此队列的尾部,如有必要,则等待空间变得可用。
void put(E e)
// 返回理想情况下(没有内存和资源约束)此队列可接受并且不会被阻塞的附加元素数量。
int remainingCapacity()
// 从此队列移除指定元素的单个实例(如果存在)。
boolean remove(Object o)
// 返回队列中的元素个数。
int size()
// 获取并移除此队列的头部,在元素变得可用之前一直等待(如果有必要)。
E take()
// 返回按适当顺序包含此队列中所有元素的数组。
Object[] toArray()
// 返回按适当顺序包含此队列中所有元素的数组;返回数组的运行时类型是指定数组的运行时类型。
<T> T[] toArray(T[] a)
// 返回此 collection 的字符串表示形式。
String toString()

LinkedBlockingQueue源码分析(JDK1.7.0_40版本)

LinkedBlockingQueue.java的完整源码如下:

 /*
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*/ /*
*
*
*
*
*
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/ package java.util.concurrent; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException; /**
* An optionally-bounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} based on
* linked nodes.
* This queue orders elements FIFO (first-in-first-out).
* The <em>head</em> of the queue is that element that has been on the
* queue the longest time.
* The <em>tail</em> of the queue is that element that has been on the
* queue the shortest time. New elements
* are inserted at the tail of the queue, and the queue retrieval
* operations obtain elements at the head of the queue.
* Linked queues typically have higher throughput than array-based queues but
* less predictable performance in most concurrent applications.
*
* <p> The optional capacity bound constructor argument serves as a
* way to prevent excessive queue expansion. The capacity, if unspecified,
* is equal to {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}. Linked nodes are
* dynamically created upon each insertion unless this would bring the
* queue above capacity.
*
* <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
* <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
* Iterator} interfaces.
*
* <p>This class is a member of the
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
* Java Collections Framework</a>.
*
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
*
*/
public class LinkedBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6903933977591709194L; /*
* A variant of the "two lock queue" algorithm. The putLock gates
* entry to put (and offer), and has an associated condition for
* waiting puts. Similarly for the takeLock. The "count" field
* that they both rely on is maintained as an atomic to avoid
* needing to get both locks in most cases. Also, to minimize need
* for puts to get takeLock and vice-versa, cascading notifies are
* used. When a put notices that it has enabled at least one take,
* it signals taker. That taker in turn signals others if more
* items have been entered since the signal. And symmetrically for
* takes signalling puts. Operations such as remove(Object) and
* iterators acquire both locks.
*
* Visibility between writers and readers is provided as follows:
*
* Whenever an element is enqueued, the putLock is acquired and
* count updated. A subsequent reader guarantees visibility to the
* enqueued Node by either acquiring the putLock (via fullyLock)
* or by acquiring the takeLock, and then reading n = count.get();
* this gives visibility to the first n items.
*
* To implement weakly consistent iterators, it appears we need to
* keep all Nodes GC-reachable from a predecessor dequeued Node.
* That would cause two problems:
* - allow a rogue Iterator to cause unbounded memory retention
* - cause cross-generational linking of old Nodes to new Nodes if
* a Node was tenured while live, which generational GCs have a
* hard time dealing with, causing repeated major collections.
* However, only non-deleted Nodes need to be reachable from
* dequeued Nodes, and reachability does not necessarily have to
* be of the kind understood by the GC. We use the trick of
* linking a Node that has just been dequeued to itself. Such a
* self-link implicitly means to advance to head.next.
*/ /**
* Linked list node class
*/
static class Node<E> {
E item; /**
* One of:
* - the real successor Node
* - this Node, meaning the successor is head.next
* - null, meaning there is no successor (this is the last node)
*/
Node<E> next; Node(E x) { item = x; }
} /** The capacity bound, or Integer.MAX_VALUE if none */
private final int capacity; /** Current number of elements */
private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); /**
* Head of linked list.
* Invariant: head.item == null
*/
private transient Node<E> head; /**
* Tail of linked list.
* Invariant: last.next == null
*/
private transient Node<E> last; /** Lock held by take, poll, etc */
private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock(); /** Wait queue for waiting takes */
private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition(); /** Lock held by put, offer, etc */
private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock(); /** Wait queue for waiting puts */
private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition(); /**
* Signals a waiting take. Called only from put/offer (which do not
* otherwise ordinarily lock takeLock.)
*/
private void signalNotEmpty() {
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lock();
try {
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
} /**
* Signals a waiting put. Called only from take/poll.
*/
private void signalNotFull() {
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock();
try {
notFull.signal();
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
} /**
* Links node at end of queue.
*
* @param node the node
*/
private void enqueue(Node<E> node) {
// assert putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert last.next == null;
last = last.next = node;
} /**
* Removes a node from head of queue.
*
* @return the node
*/
private E dequeue() {
// assert takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert head.item == null;
Node<E> h = head;
Node<E> first = h.next;
h.next = h; // help GC
head = first;
E x = first.item;
first.item = null;
return x;
} /**
* Lock to prevent both puts and takes.
*/
void fullyLock() {
putLock.lock();
takeLock.lock();
} /**
* Unlock to allow both puts and takes.
*/
void fullyUnlock() {
takeLock.unlock();
putLock.unlock();
} // /**
// * Tells whether both locks are held by current thread.
// */
// boolean isFullyLocked() {
// return (putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread() &&
// takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread());
// } /**
* Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with a capacity of
* {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
*/
public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} /**
* Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with the given (fixed) capacity.
*
* @param capacity the capacity of this queue
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is not greater
* than zero
*/
public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.capacity = capacity;
last = head = new Node<E>(null);
} /**
* Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with a capacity of
* {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}, initially containing the elements of the
* given collection,
* added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.
*
* @param c the collection of elements to initially contain
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
* of its elements are null
*/
public LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock(); // Never contended, but necessary for visibility
try {
int n = 0;
for (E e : c) {
if (e == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (n == capacity)
throw new IllegalStateException("Queue full");
enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
++n;
}
count.set(n);
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
} // this doc comment is overridden to remove the reference to collections
// greater in size than Integer.MAX_VALUE
/**
* Returns the number of elements in this queue.
*
* @return the number of elements in this queue
*/
public int size() {
return count.get();
} // this doc comment is a modified copy of the inherited doc comment,
// without the reference to unlimited queues.
/**
* Returns the number of additional elements that this queue can ideally
* (in the absence of memory or resource constraints) accept without
* blocking. This is always equal to the initial capacity of this queue
* less the current {@code size} of this queue.
*
* <p>Note that you <em>cannot</em> always tell if an attempt to insert
* an element will succeed by inspecting {@code remainingCapacity}
* because it may be the case that another thread is about to
* insert or remove an element.
*/
public int remainingCapacity() {
return capacity - count.get();
} /**
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if
* necessary for space to become available.
*
* @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// Note: convention in all put/take/etc is to preset local var
// holding count negative to indicate failure unless set.
int c = -1;
Node<E> node = new Node(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
putLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
/*
* Note that count is used in wait guard even though it is
* not protected by lock. This works because count can
* only decrease at this point (all other puts are shut
* out by lock), and we (or some other waiting put) are
* signalled if it ever changes from capacity. Similarly
* for all other uses of count in other wait guards.
*/
while (count.get() == capacity) {
notFull.await();
}
enqueue(node);
c = count.getAndIncrement();
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
} /**
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if
* necessary up to the specified wait time for space to become available.
*
* @return {@code true} if successful, or {@code false} if
* the specified waiting time elapses before space is available.
* @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException { if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
int c = -1;
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
putLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count.get() == capacity) {
if (nanos <= 0)
return false;
nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
c = count.getAndIncrement();
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
return true;
} /**
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue if it is
* possible to do so immediately without exceeding the queue's capacity,
* returning {@code true} upon success and {@code false} if this queue
* is full.
* When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally
* preferable to method {@link BlockingQueue#add add}, which can fail to
* insert an element only by throwing an exception.
*
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
*/
public boolean offer(E e) {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
if (count.get() == capacity)
return false;
int c = -1;
Node<E> node = new Node(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock();
try {
if (count.get() < capacity) {
enqueue(node);
c = count.getAndIncrement();
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
}
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
return c >= 0;
} public E take() throws InterruptedException {
E x;
int c = -1;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count.get() == 0) {
notEmpty.await();
}
x = dequeue();
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
if (c == capacity)
signalNotFull();
return x;
} public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
E x = null;
int c = -1;
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count.get() == 0) {
if (nanos <= 0)
return null;
nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
x = dequeue();
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
if (c == capacity)
signalNotFull();
return x;
} public E poll() {
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
if (count.get() == 0)
return null;
E x = null;
int c = -1;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lock();
try {
if (count.get() > 0) {
x = dequeue();
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
}
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
if (c == capacity)
signalNotFull();
return x;
} public E peek() {
if (count.get() == 0)
return null;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lock();
try {
Node<E> first = head.next;
if (first == null)
return null;
else
return first.item;
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
} /**
* Unlinks interior Node p with predecessor trail.
*/
void unlink(Node<E> p, Node<E> trail) {
// assert isFullyLocked();
// p.next is not changed, to allow iterators that are
// traversing p to maintain their weak-consistency guarantee.
p.item = null;
trail.next = p.next;
if (last == p)
last = trail;
if (count.getAndDecrement() == capacity)
notFull.signal();
} /**
* Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue,
* if it is present. More formally, removes an element {@code e} such
* that {@code o.equals(e)}, if this queue contains one or more such
* elements.
* Returns {@code true} if this queue contained the specified element
* (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a result of the call).
*
* @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
* @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) return false;
fullyLock();
try {
for (Node<E> trail = head, p = trail.next;
p != null;
trail = p, p = p.next) {
if (o.equals(p.item)) {
unlink(p, trail);
return true;
}
}
return false;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* Returns {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element.
* More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contains
* at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
*
* @param o object to be checked for containment in this queue
* @return {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element
*/
public boolean contains(Object o) {
if (o == null) return false;
fullyLock();
try {
for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
if (o.equals(p.item))
return true;
return false;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in
* proper sequence.
*
* <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
* maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate
* a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
*
* <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
* APIs.
*
* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
*/
public Object[] toArray() {
fullyLock();
try {
int size = count.get();
Object[] a = new Object[size];
int k = 0;
for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
a[k++] = p.item;
return a;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in
* proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of
* the specified array. If the queue fits in the specified array, it
* is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the
* runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.
*
* <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare
* (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in
* the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to
* {@code null}.
*
* <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
* array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows
* precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
* under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
*
* <p>Suppose {@code x} is a queue known to contain only strings.
* The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly
* allocated array of {@code String}:
*
* <pre>
* String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
*
* Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to
* {@code toArray()}.
*
* @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to
* be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
* same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
* @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
* is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
* this queue
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
fullyLock();
try {
int size = count.get();
if (a.length < size)
a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance
(a.getClass().getComponentType(), size); int k = 0;
for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
a[k++] = (T)p.item;
if (a.length > k)
a[k] = null;
return a;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} public String toString() {
fullyLock();
try {
Node<E> p = head.next;
if (p == null)
return "[]"; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append('[');
for (;;) {
E e = p.item;
sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
p = p.next;
if (p == null)
return sb.append(']').toString();
sb.append(',').append(' ');
}
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue.
* The queue will be empty after this call returns.
*/
public void clear() {
fullyLock();
try {
for (Node<E> p, h = head; (p = h.next) != null; h = p) {
h.next = h;
p.item = null;
}
head = last;
// assert head.item == null && head.next == null;
if (count.getAndSet(0) == capacity)
notFull.signal();
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) {
return drainTo(c, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} /**
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) {
if (c == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (c == this)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
boolean signalNotFull = false;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lock();
try {
int n = Math.min(maxElements, count.get());
// count.get provides visibility to first n Nodes
Node<E> h = head;
int i = 0;
try {
while (i < n) {
Node<E> p = h.next;
c.add(p.item);
p.item = null;
h.next = h;
h = p;
++i;
}
return n;
} finally {
// Restore invariants even if c.add() threw
if (i > 0) {
// assert h.item == null;
head = h;
signalNotFull = (count.getAndAdd(-i) == capacity);
}
}
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
if (signalNotFull)
signalNotFull();
}
} /**
* Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence.
* The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).
*
* <p>The returned iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that
* will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
* ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse
* elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
* may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications
* subsequent to construction.
*
* @return an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence
*/
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
} private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
/*
* Basic weakly-consistent iterator. At all times hold the next
* item to hand out so that if hasNext() reports true, we will
* still have it to return even if lost race with a take etc.
*/
private Node<E> current;
private Node<E> lastRet;
private E currentElement; Itr() {
fullyLock();
try {
current = head.next;
if (current != null)
currentElement = current.item;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} public boolean hasNext() {
return current != null;
} /**
* Returns the next live successor of p, or null if no such.
*
* Unlike other traversal methods, iterators need to handle both:
* - dequeued nodes (p.next == p)
* - (possibly multiple) interior removed nodes (p.item == null)
*/
private Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p) {
for (;;) {
Node<E> s = p.next;
if (s == p)
return head.next;
if (s == null || s.item != null)
return s;
p = s;
}
} public E next() {
fullyLock();
try {
if (current == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
E x = currentElement;
lastRet = current;
current = nextNode(current);
currentElement = (current == null) ? null : current.item;
return x;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} public void remove() {
if (lastRet == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
fullyLock();
try {
Node<E> node = lastRet;
lastRet = null;
for (Node<E> trail = head, p = trail.next;
p != null;
trail = p, p = p.next) {
if (p == node) {
unlink(p, trail);
break;
}
}
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
}
} /**
* Save the state to a stream (that is, serialize it).
*
* @serialData The capacity is emitted (int), followed by all of
* its elements (each an {@code Object}) in the proper order,
* followed by a null
* @param s the stream
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException { fullyLock();
try {
// Write out any hidden stuff, plus capacity
s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out all elements in the proper order.
for (Node<E> p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next)
s.writeObject(p.item); // Use trailing null as sentinel
s.writeObject(null);
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} /**
* Reconstitute this queue instance from a stream (that is,
* deserialize it).
*
* @param s the stream
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
// Read in capacity, and any hidden stuff
s.defaultReadObject(); count.set(0);
last = head = new Node<E>(null); // Read in all elements and place in queue
for (;;) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E item = (E)s.readObject();
if (item == null)
break;
add(item);
}
}
}

下面从LinkedBlockingQueue的创建,添加,删除,遍历这几个方面对它进行分析。

1. 创建

下面以LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity)来进行说明。

public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.capacity = capacity;
last = head = new Node<E>(null);
}

说明
(01) capacity是“链式阻塞队列”的容量。
(02) head和last是“链式阻塞队列”的首节点和尾节点。它们在LinkedBlockingQueue中的声明如下:

// 容量
private final int capacity;
// 当前数量
private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
private transient Node<E> head; // 链表的表头
private transient Node<E> last; // 链表的表尾
// 用于控制“删除元素”的互斥锁takeLock 和 锁对应的“非空条件”notEmpty
private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition();
// 用于控制“添加元素”的互斥锁putLock 和 锁对应的“非满条件”notFull
private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition();

链表的节点定义如下:

static class Node<E> {
E item; // 数据
Node<E> next; // 下一个节点的指针 Node(E x) { item = x; }
}

2. 添加

下面以offer(E e)为例,对LinkedBlockingQueue的添加方法进行说明。

public boolean offer(E e) {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// 如果“队列已满”,则返回false,表示插入失败。
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
if (count.get() == capacity)
return false;
int c = -1;
// 新建“节点e”
Node<E> node = new Node(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
// 获取“插入锁putLock”
putLock.lock();
try {
// 再次对“队列是不是满”的进行判断。
// 若“队列未满”,则插入节点。
if (count.get() < capacity) {
// 插入节点
enqueue(node);
// 将“当前节点数量”+1,并返回“原始的数量”
c = count.getAndIncrement();
// 如果在插入元素之后,队列仍然未满,则唤醒notFull上的等待线程。
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
}
} finally {
// 释放“插入锁putLock”
putLock.unlock();
}
// 如果在插入节点前,队列为空;则插入节点后,唤醒notEmpty上的等待线程
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
return c >= 0;
}

说明:offer()的作用很简单,就是将元素E添加到队列的末尾。

enqueue()的源码如下:

private void enqueue(Node<E> node) {
// assert putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert last.next == null;
last = last.next = node;
}

enqueue()的作用是将node添加到队列末尾,并设置node为新的尾节点!

signalNotEmpty()的源码如下:

private void signalNotEmpty() {
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lock();
try {
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock();
}
}

signalNotEmpty()的作用是唤醒notEmpty上的等待线程。

3. 取出

下面以take()为例,对LinkedBlockingQueue的取出方法进行说明。

public E take() throws InterruptedException {
E x;
int c = -1;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
// 获取“取出锁”,若当前线程是中断状态,则抛出InterruptedException异常
takeLock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
// 若“队列为空”,则一直等待。
while (count.get() == 0) {
notEmpty.await();
}
// 取出元素
x = dequeue();
// 取出元素之后,将“节点数量”-1;并返回“原始的节点数量”。
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
// 释放“取出锁”
takeLock.unlock();
}
// 如果在“取出元素之前”,队列是满的;则在取出元素之后,唤醒notFull上的等待线程。
if (c == capacity)
signalNotFull();
return x;
}

说明:take()的作用是取出并返回队列的头。若队列为空,则一直等待。

dequeue()的源码如下:

private E dequeue() {
// assert takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert head.item == null;
Node<E> h = head;
Node<E> first = h.next;
h.next = h; // help GC
head = first;
E x = first.item;
first.item = null;
return x;
}

dequeue()的作用就是删除队列的头节点,并将表头指向“原头节点的下一个节点”。

signalNotFull()的源码如下:

private void signalNotFull() {
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock();
try {
notFull.signal();
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
}

signalNotFull()的作用就是唤醒notFull上的等待线程。

4. 遍历

下面对LinkedBlockingQueue的遍历方法进行说明。

public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}

iterator()实际上是返回一个Iter对象。

Itr类的定义如下:

private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
// 当前节点
private Node<E> current;
// 上一次返回的节点
private Node<E> lastRet;
// 当前节点对应的值
private E currentElement; Itr() {
// 同时获取“插入锁putLock” 和 “取出锁takeLock”
fullyLock();
try {
// 设置“当前元素”为“队列表头的下一节点”,即为队列的第一个有效节点
current = head.next;
if (current != null)
currentElement = current.item;
} finally {
// 释放“插入锁putLock” 和 “取出锁takeLock”
fullyUnlock();
}
} // 返回“下一个节点是否为null”
public boolean hasNext() {
return current != null;
} private Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p) {
for (;;) {
Node<E> s = p.next;
if (s == p)
return head.next;
if (s == null || s.item != null)
return s;
p = s;
}
} // 返回下一个节点
public E next() {
fullyLock();
try {
if (current == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
E x = currentElement;
lastRet = current;
current = nextNode(current);
currentElement = (current == null) ? null : current.item;
return x;
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
} // 删除下一个节点
public void remove() {
if (lastRet == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
fullyLock();
try {
Node<E> node = lastRet;
lastRet = null;
for (Node<E> trail = head, p = trail.next;
p != null;
trail = p, p = p.next) {
if (p == node) {
unlink(p, trail);
break;
}
}
} finally {
fullyUnlock();
}
}
}

LinkedBlockingQueue示例

 import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*; /*
* LinkedBlockingQueue是“线程安全”的队列,而LinkedList是非线程安全的。
*
* 下面是“多个线程同时操作并且遍历queue”的示例
* (01) 当queue是LinkedBlockingQueue对象时,程序能正常运行。
* (02) 当queue是LinkedList对象时,程序会产生ConcurrentModificationException异常。
*
* @author skywang
*/
public class LinkedBlockingQueueDemo1 { // TODO: queue是LinkedList对象时,程序会出错。
//private static Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<String>();
private static Queue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>();
public static void main(String[] args) { // 同时启动两个线程对queue进行操作!
new MyThread("ta").start();
new MyThread("tb").start();
} private static void printAll() {
String value;
Iterator iter = queue.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()) {
value = (String)iter.next();
System.out.print(value+", ");
}
System.out.println();
} private static class MyThread extends Thread {
MyThread(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 6) {
// “线程名” + "-" + "序号"
String val = Thread.currentThread().getName()+i;
queue.add(val);
// 通过“Iterator”遍历queue。
printAll();
}
}
}
}

(某一次)运行结果

tb1, ta1,
tb1, ta1, ta2,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3, ta4,
tb1, ta1, tb1, ta2, ta1, ta3, ta2, ta4, ta3, ta5,
ta4, tb1, ta5, ta1, ta6,
ta2, tb1, ta3, ta1, ta4, ta2, ta5, ta3, ta6, ta4, tb2,
ta5, ta6, tb2,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3, ta4, ta5, ta6, tb2, tb3,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3, ta4, ta5, ta6, tb2, tb3, tb4,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3, ta4, ta5, ta6, tb2, tb3, tb4, tb5,
tb1, ta1, ta2, ta3, ta4, ta5, ta6, tb2, tb3, tb4, tb5, tb6,

结果说明
示例程序中,启动两个线程(线程ta和线程tb)分别对LinkedBlockingQueue进行操作。以线程ta而言,它会先获取“线程名”+“序号”,然后将该字符串添加到LinkedBlockingQueue中;接着,遍历并输出LinkedBlockingQueue中的全部元素。 线程tb的操作和线程ta一样,只不过线程tb的名字和线程ta的名字不同。
当queue是LinkedBlockingQueue对象时,程序能正常运行。如果将queue改为LinkedList时,程序会产生ConcurrentModificationException异常。


更多内容

1. Java多线程系列--“JUC集合”01之 框架

2. Java多线程系列目录(共xx篇)

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