Windows phone 8 学习笔记(5) 图块与通知(转)

基于metro风格的Windows phone 8 应用提到了图块的概念,它就是指启动菜单中的快速启动图标。一般一个应用必须有一个默认图块,还可以有若干个次要图块。另外,通知与图块的关系比较密切,我们可以通过在接受到消息时动态更新图块来达到适时的效果。我们本节把图块和通知放在一起讲。

快速导航:
一、图块
二、图块更新计划
三、本地通知
四、推送通知

一、图块

1)定义默认图块

默认图块只能在清单文件中定义它,并且选定的图块模板后就不能再改变,除非重新发布应用,但是我们可以更新同类型的模板。应用安装后默认状态不会出现在开始菜单,需要在程序清单中右键选择固定到开始屏幕项。

图块模板类型:
1.图标模版:它可以包含大小两种图标,三种图块都可以用。必须为包含透明背景的png格式metro风格图片。
2.翻转模版:在中型、大型图块中可以实现翻转效果。
3.循环模板:在中型、大型图块中实现多张背景图轮流切换。

2)创建更新图块

图块的创建和更新可以通过两种方式,分别是定义模版xml或通过代码构建,下面的代码演示了如何创建和更新图块。

[C#]

public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage

{

// 构造函数

public MainPage()

{

InitializeComponent();

// 用于本地化 ApplicationBar 的示例代码

//BuildLocalizedApplicationBar();

}

protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)

{

base.OnNavigatedTo(e);

}

private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

CreateTitle();

}

private void ShowTitle()

{

var tilte = ShellTile.ActiveTiles.FirstOrDefault();

if (tilte != null)

{

MessageBox.Show(tilte.NavigationUri.ToString());

}

}

//图标图块

IconicTileData iconicTileData = new IconicTileData()

{

Title = "标题",

Count = 5,

WideContent1 = "第一行文本",

WideContent2 = "第二行文本",

WideContent3 = "第三行文本",

SmallIconImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/IconLarge.png", UriKind.Relative),

IconImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/IconSamall.png", UriKind.Relative),

//透明度设置为255才会显示自定义颜色背景,否则显示为系统背景

BackgroundColor = new Color { A = 255, R = 0, G = 148, B = 255 }

};

//图标图块模板

string iconicTileXml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=""WPNotification"" Version=""2.0"">

<wp:Tile Id=""titleid1"" Template=""IconicTile"">

<wp:SmallIconImage>/Assets/Tiles/IconLarge.png</wp:SmallIconImage>

<wp:IconImage>/Assets/Tiles/IconSamall.png</wp:IconImage>

<wp:WideContent1>第一行文本</wp:WideContent1>

<wp:WideContent2 Action=""Clear"">第二行文本</wp:WideContent2>

<wp:WideContent3>第三行文本</wp:WideContent3>

<wp:Count>6</wp:Count>

<wp:Title>标题</wp:Title>

<wp:BackgroundColor>#FF524742</wp:BackgroundColor>

</wp:Tile>

</wp:Notification>";

//可用于清除Count(如果加了Action="Clear",则清除该项的显示)

string iconicTileXml2 = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=""WPNotification"" Version=""2.0"">

<wp:Tile Id=""titleid1"" Template=""IconicTile"">

<wp:Count Action=""Clear"">0</wp:Count>

</wp:Tile>

</wp:Notification>";

//翻转图块

FlipTileData flipTileData = new FlipTileData()

{

Title = "标题",

BackTitle = "背面标题",

BackContent = "背面的文本内容部分",

WideBackContent = "在宽图块背面的文本内容",

Count = 5,

SmallBackgroundImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Samall.png", UriKind.Relative),

BackgroundImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Medium.png", UriKind.Relative),

//不设置背景图像则显示为系统背景色

//BackBackgroundImage = new Uri("Assets/Tiles/FlipCycleTileMedium.png", UriKind.Relative),

WideBackgroundImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Large.png", UriKind.Relative),

//WideBackBackgroundImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/IconicTileMediumLarge.png", UriKind.Relative)

};

//翻转图块模板

string flipTileXml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=""WPNotification"" Version=""2.0"">

<wp:Tile Id=""titleid2"" Template=""FlipTile"">

<wp:SmallBackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/Samall.png</wp:SmallBackgroundImage>

<wp:WideBackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/Large.png</wp:WideBackgroundImage>

<wp:WideBackBackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/IconicTileMediumLarge.png</wp:WideBackBackgroundImage>

<wp:WideBackContent>在宽图块背面的文本内容</wp:WideBackContent>

<wp:BackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/Medium.png</wp:BackgroundImage>

<wp:Count>6</wp:Count>

<wp:Title>标题</wp:Title>

<wp:BackBackgroundImage>Assets/Tiles/FlipCycleTileMedium.png</wp:BackBackgroundImage>

<wp:BackTitle>背面标题</wp:BackTitle>

<wp:BackContent>背面的文本内容部分</wp:BackContent>

</wp:Tile>

</wp:Notification>";

//循环图块

CycleTileData cycleTileData = new CycleTileData()

{

Title = "标题",

Count = 10,

SmallBackgroundImage = new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Samall.png", UriKind.Relative),

CycleImages = new Uri[]

{

new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Title1.png", UriKind.Relative),

new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Title2.png", UriKind.Relative),

new Uri("/Assets/Tiles/Title3.png", UriKind.Relative),

}

};

//循环图块模板

string cycleTileXml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=""WPNotification"" Version=""2.0"">

<wp:Tile Id=""titleid3"" Template=""CycleTile"">

<wp:SmallBackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/Samall.png</wp:SmallBackgroundImage>

<wp:CycleImage1>/Assets/Tiles/Title1.png</wp:CycleImage1>

<wp:CycleImage2>/Assets/Tiles/Title2.png</wp:CycleImage2>

<wp:CycleImage3>/Assets/Tiles/Title3.png</wp:CycleImage3>

<wp:Count>6</wp:Count>

<wp:Title>标题</wp:Title>

</wp:Tile>

</wp:Notification>";

private void CreateTitle()

{

//添加一个次要图块

ShellTile.Create(new Uri("/Page1.xaml", UriKind.Relative), iconicTileData, true);

//通过xml模板添加

ShellTile.Create(new Uri("/Page1.xaml", UriKind.Relative), new IconicTileData(iconicTileXml), true);

}

private void ClearCount()

{

//清除Count

ShellTile.ActiveTiles.ElementAt(1).Update(new IconicTileData(iconicTileXml2));

}

private void UpdateTitle()

{

//更新默认图块的内容,我们定义的翻转模版,这里不能修改模版类型

ShellTile.ActiveTiles.FirstOrDefault().Update(flipTileData);

}

}

二、图块更新计划

我们可以定义一个更新计划,定期的更新图块的背景图像。当应用退出以后,这个更新计划依然能够在后台运行。它的实现代码如下:

[C#]  

ShellTileSchedule SampleTileSchedule = new ShellTileSchedule();

//计划是否已经执行

bool TileScheduleRunning = false;

//开始执行计划

private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

//指定计划执行一次还是多次

SampleTileSchedule.Recurrence = UpdateRecurrence.Interval;

//指定计划的更新间隔时间

SampleTileSchedule.Interval = UpdateInterval.EveryHour;

//指定计划的执行次数,如果未设置,则为不确定次数

SampleTileSchedule.MaxUpdateCount = 50;

//指定计划的开始时间

SampleTileSchedule.StartTime = DateTime.Now;

//获取背景图像的网络URI

SampleTileSchedule.RemoteImageUri = new Uri(@"http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/lipan/319399/o_Large.png");

SampleTileSchedule.Start();

}

//停止计划

private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

if (TileScheduleRunning) SampleTileSchedule.Stop();

}

三、本地通知

通知分为本地通知和推送通知。我们可以通过本地通知实现本地消息和提醒功能。

1)本地消息和提醒

我们可以定义提醒和闹钟的功能,在应用退出以后,当计划的提醒时间达到时,提醒或者闹钟功能将自动别触发,其中闹钟的功能我们还可以自定义铃声。下面看看代码实现的过程。

[XAML]

        <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">
<ListBox x:Name="listbox1" Width="440" MaxHeight="420" Margin="10,44,0,150">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Grid>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Background="Blue" Width="440"> <TextBlock Width="120" Text="{Binding Title}" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding BeginTime}" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding RecurrenceType}" />
<TextBlock Text=" " />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding IsScheduled}" />
<TextBlock Text=" " />
<Button Margin="0" Tag="{Binding Name}" Click="deleteButton_Click" Content="X" BorderBrush="Red" Background="Red" Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneBackgroundBrush}" VerticalAlignment="Top" BorderThickness="0" Width="50" Padding="0,0,0,0"></Button>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="5"/>
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
</ListBox>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,12,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Text="已注册的本地消息提醒:">
</TextBlock>
<TextBox x:Name="textbox1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="72" Margin="10,555,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="标题" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="125"/>
<RadioButton x:Name="radioButton1" IsChecked="True" GroupName="radioButtonGroup" Content="Reminder" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="135,532,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<RadioButton x:Name="radioButton2" GroupName="radioButtonGroup" Content="Alarm" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="134,604,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Button Content="注册" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="328,569,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
</Grid>

[C#]

    public partial class Page1 : PhoneApplicationPage
{
public Page1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
IEnumerable<ScheduledNotification> notifications;
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
ListboxInit();
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
} private void ListboxInit()
{
//返回系统所有已注册的通知
notifications = ScheduledActionService.GetActions<ScheduledNotification>();
listbox1.ItemsSource = notifications;
}
//删除一个通知
private void deleteButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string name = (string)((Button)sender).Tag;
ScheduledActionService.Remove(name);
ListboxInit();
} //新增一个通知
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
String name = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
if (radioButton1.IsChecked == true)
{
//名称,唯一标识
Reminder reminder = new Reminder(name);
//消息标题
reminder.Title = textbox1.Text;
reminder.Content = "这里是提醒的正文部分。";
//消息重现类型
reminder.RecurrenceType = RecurrenceInterval.Daily;
//开始时间
reminder.BeginTime = DateTime.Now + new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30);
//结束时间
reminder.ExpirationTime = DateTime.Now + new TimeSpan(0, 0, 45);
//从提醒启动应用程序时的启动URI
reminder.NavigationUri = new Uri("/Page2.xaml?a=test", UriKind.Relative);
//注册
ScheduledActionService.Add(reminder);
}
else
{
//可以自定义铃声的通知
Alarm alarm = new Alarm(name);
alarm.Content = "这里是闹钟的正文部分。";
//提醒时播放的文件
alarm.Sound = new Uri("/1.mp3", UriKind.Relative);
//消息重现类型
alarm.RecurrenceType = RecurrenceInterval.Daily;
//开始时间
alarm.BeginTime = DateTime.Now + new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30);
//结束时间
alarm.ExpirationTime = DateTime.Now + new TimeSpan(0, 1, 30);
//注册
ScheduledActionService.Add(alarm);
}
ListboxInit();
}
}
2)本地Toast

通过本地Toast可以在实现Toast消息弹出,但是当应用运行时则不会弹出,所以一般在后台计划中被调用。详细情况请见《Windows phone 8 学习笔记 多任务 后台代理》

四、推送通知

推送通知都需要借助于微软推送云服务器,因为一般来讲,应用退出以后是不会保留后台服务去等待接受消息的,这种做法比较费电。推送通知的做法是,当有消息推送过来的时候,由系统去统一完成消息的接收,用户选择性的去启动应用。

1. 推送通知的类型

推送通知主要有三种类型,如下:
1.磁贴通知:消息到达时,将会更新应用的默认图块,这样直观的现实当前应用有更新内容。
2.Toast推送通知:消息到达时,将会在屏幕上方弹出一个Toast提示,用户单击即可启动应用。
3.raw通知:这个通知在应用运行的前提下,提供灵活的消息处理,但是非允许状态下将无法接受消息。

2. 推送通知的实现

要实现推送通知,首先我们需要建立推送通道。在Windows phone 中建立推送通道,并且得到通道的URI。代码如下:

[C# Windows phone]

        //磁贴通知
private void TileInit()
{
//推送服务通道
HttpNotificationChannel pushChannel; //通道名称
string channelName = "TileSampleChannel"; InitializeComponent(); //尝试发现是否已经创建
pushChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName); var newChannel = false;
//没有发现,新建一个
if (pushChannel == null)
{
pushChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName);
newChannel = true;
} //通知通道关联URI改变时:
pushChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(PushChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//出错时:
pushChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(PushChannel_ErrorOccurred); if (newChannel)
{
pushChannel.Open();
//将通知订阅绑定到默认图块
pushChannel.BindToShellTile();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("通道URI: {0}", pushChannel.ChannelUri.ToString()));
}
} //Toast通知
private void ToastInit()
{
//推送服务通道
HttpNotificationChannel pushChannel; //通道名称
string channelName = "ToastSampleChannel"; InitializeComponent(); //尝试发现是否已经创建
pushChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName); var newChannel = false;
//没有发现,新建一个
if (pushChannel == null)
{
pushChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName);
newChannel = true;
} //通知通道关联URI改变时:
pushChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(PushChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//出错时:
pushChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(PushChannel_ErrorOccurred); //收到Toast消息时:(如果程序未启动则弹出Toast,否则触发该事件)
pushChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs>(PushChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived); if (newChannel)
{
pushChannel.Open();
//将通知订阅绑定到ShellToast
pushChannel.BindToShellToast();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("通道URI: {0}", pushChannel.ChannelUri.ToString()));
}
} //Row通知
private void RawInit()
{
//推送服务通道
HttpNotificationChannel pushChannel; //通道名称
string channelName = "RawSampleChannel"; InitializeComponent(); //尝试发现是否已经创建
pushChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName); var newChannel = false;
//没有发现,新建一个
if (pushChannel == null)
{
pushChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(channelName);
newChannel = true;
} //通知通道关联URI改变时:
pushChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelUriEventArgs>(PushChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);
//出错时:
pushChannel.ErrorOccurred += new EventHandler<NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs>(PushChannel_ErrorOccurred); //收到Raw通知时:(只有应用运行时才触发本事件)
pushChannel.HttpNotificationReceived += new EventHandler<HttpNotificationEventArgs>(PushChannel_HttpNotificationReceived); if (newChannel)
{
pushChannel.Open();
//这里并没有绑定操作
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("通道URI: {0}", pushChannel.ChannelUri.ToString()));
}
} //URI更新时
void PushChannel_ChannelUriUpdated(object sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
{
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("通道URI: {0}", e.ChannelUri.ToString()));
});
} //遇到错误时
void PushChannel_ErrorOccurred(object sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
{
//处理错误
} //收到Toast通知时
void PushChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived(object sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
{
StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
string relativeUri = string.Empty; message.AppendFormat("收到 Toast {0}:\n", DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString());
foreach (string key in e.Collection.Keys)
{
message.AppendFormat("{0}: {1}\n", key, e.Collection[key]);
if (key.ToLower() == "wp:param") relativeUri = e.Collection[key];
}
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(message.ToString()));
} //收到Raw通知时:
void PushChannel_HttpNotificationReceived(object sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
{
string message; using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
{
message = reader.ReadToEnd();
} Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
MessageBox.Show(String.Format("收到 Row {0}:\n{1}",
DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(), message))
);
}

得到推送URI后,我们需要一个web服务端,这个服务端就是我们用来向自己的应用发送推送消息的地方,如果web端用.net实现,那么实现方式如下:

[C# .Net]

        //发送磁贴消息
private void SendTile()
{
try
{ string subscriptionUri = TextBoxUri.Text.ToString(); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(subscriptionUri);
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; string tileMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Tile>" +
"<wp:BackgroundImage>/Assets/Tiles/FlipCycleTileMedium.png</wp:BackgroundImage>" +
"<wp:Count>5</wp:Count>" +
"<wp:Title>标题</wp:Title>" +
"<wp:BackBackgroundImage></wp:BackBackgroundImage>" +
"<wp:BackTitle>背面标题</wp:BackTitle>" +
"<wp:BackContent>背面文本内容</wp:BackContent>" +
"</wp:Tile> " +
"</wp:Notification>"; byte[] notificationMessage = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(tileMessage); httpWebRequest.ContentLength = notificationMessage.Length;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "text/xml";
//X-WindowsPhone-Target设置为token
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "token");
//Tile消息类型为 1
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "1"); using (Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
} HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"]; }
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
} //发送Toast消息
private void SendToast()
{
try
{
//这个URI就是通道创建时由WP客户端获取到的,需要提交到服务端
string uri = TextBoxUri.Text.ToString(); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; string toastMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\">" +
"<wp:Toast>" +
"<wp:Text1>标题</wp:Text1>" +
"<wp:Text2>内容部分</wp:Text2>" +
"<wp:Param>/Page2.xaml?NavigatedFrom=ToastNotification</wp:Param>" +
"</wp:Toast> " +
"</wp:Notification>"; byte[] notificationMessage = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(toastMessage); //设置请求头
httpWebRequest.ContentLength = notificationMessage.Length;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "text/xml";
//X-WindowsPhone-Target设置为toast
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("X-WindowsPhone-Target", "toast");
//Toast消息类型为 2
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "2"); using (Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
} HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
//获取相应头包含的状态信息
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"]; }
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
} //发送Raw消息
private void SendRaw()
{
try
{ string subscriptionUri = TextBoxUri.Text.ToString(); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(subscriptionUri);
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; //这里的消息内容完全自定义,也可以为非xml
string rawMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<root>" +
"<Value1>a<Value1>" +
"<Value2>b<Value2>" +
"</root>"; byte[] notificationMessage = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(rawMessage); httpWebRequest.ContentLength = notificationMessage.Length;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "text/xml";
//没有 X-WindowsPhone-Target 头
//Raw消息类型为 3
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("X-NotificationClass", "3"); using (Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(notificationMessage, 0, notificationMessage.Length);
} HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
string notificationStatus = response.Headers["X-NotificationStatus"];
string notificationChannelStatus = response.Headers["X-SubscriptionStatus"];
string deviceConnectionStatus = response.Headers["X-DeviceConnectionStatus"]; }
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
}
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