GUI之JavaFX

2022-11-30 10:47:03

　　一、JavaFX不深究系列，目的只是为了尝试使用GUI的方式来生成桌面应用。

　　二、JavaFX是一个强大的图形和多媒体处理工具包集合，它允许开发者来设计、创建、测试、调试和部署富客户端程序，并且和Java一样跨平台。说白了就是利用Java的跨平台关系，做了一个图形处理工具。

　　三、详细学习可以参考：http://www.javafxchina.net/main/东西很多，不建议深究。

　　四、来点基本案例：

　　1）HelloWorld

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class HelloWorld extends Application{

    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        //按钮绑定事件
        Button button = new Button();
        button.setText("hello world");
        button.setOnAction(event -> System.out.println("hello world!!!"));

        StackPane stackPane = new StackPane();
        stackPane.getChildren().add(button);
        //大小
        Scene scene = new Scene(stackPane, 300, 500);

        //设置显示
        primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

　　2）复杂一点，Login

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Login extends Application{

    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {

        GridPane gridPane = new GridPane();
        gridPane.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        gridPane.setHgap(10);
        gridPane.setVgap(10);
//        gridPane.setPadding(new Insets(25, 25, 25, 25));

        Text welcome = new Text("Welcome");
        welcome.setFont(Font.font("Tahoma", FontWeight.BOLD, 20));
        welcome.setId("welcome");
        gridPane.add(welcome, 0, 0, 2, 1);

        Label username = new Label("UserName:");
        gridPane.add(username, 0, 1);

        Label password = new Label("Password:");
        gridPane.add(password, 0, 2);

        TextField userNameText = new TextField();
        gridPane.add(userNameText, 1, 1);

        TextField passwordText = new TextField();
        gridPane.add(passwordText, 1, 2);

        //一个按钮Node
        Button button = new Button("Login");
        //一层box,子元素按设置的10排列
        HBox hBox = new HBox(10);
        hBox.setAlignment(Pos.BASELINE_RIGHT);
        hBox.getChildren().add(button);
        gridPane.add(hBox, 1, 4);

        final Text text = new Text();
        gridPane.add(text, 0, 4, 2, 1);

        button.setOnAction(event -> {
            text.setFill(Color.RED);
            text.setText("login button pressed");
        });

        Scene scene = new Scene(gridPane, 400, 300);
        primaryStage.setTitle("Login");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        scene.getStylesheets().add(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("example/css/login.css").toExternalForm());
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

　　3）Fxml的写法

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class LoginFxml extends Application{

    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        Parent load = FXMLLoader.load(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("example/fxml/login.fxml"));
        Scene scene = new Scene(load, 400, 300);
        scene.getStylesheets().add(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("example/css/login.css").toExternalForm());
        primaryStage.setTitle("Login Fxml");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import java.util.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>

<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.text.Text?>
<GridPane xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx"
          xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml"
          fx:controller="com.cetc.example.LoginController"
          hgap="10" vgap="10" alignment="CENTER">
    <padding>
        <Insets left="25" right="25" top="25" bottom="25"/>
    </padding>

    <Text
        fx:id="welcome"
        text="Welcome"
        GridPane.columnIndex="0"
        GridPane.rowIndex="0"
        GridPane.columnSpan="2"/>
    <Label
        text="UserName"
        GridPane.columnIndex="0"
        GridPane.rowIndex="1"/>
    <TextField
        GridPane.columnIndex="1"
        GridPane.rowIndex="1"/>
    <Label
        text="Password"
        GridPane.columnIndex="0"
        GridPane.rowIndex="2"/>
    <TextField
        GridPane.columnIndex="1"
        GridPane.rowIndex="2"/>
    <HBox alignment="BOTTOM_RIGHT" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="4">
        <Button text="Login" onAction="#loginHandler"/>
    </HBox>
    <Text GridPane.columnIndex="0" GridPane.rowIndex="4" GridPane.columnSpan="2" fx:id="loginView"/>
</GridPane>

import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;


public class LoginController{

    @FXML
    private Text loginView;

    @FXML
    private void loginHandler(ActionEvent activeEvent) {
        loginView.setFill(Color.RED);
        loginView.setText("login button pressed");
    }

}

　　五、上面是不是感觉特你妈复杂，html写着不好吗。所以html的写法才是最正确的写法，主要是方便

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class WebApplication extends Application {

    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        primaryStage.setTitle("Browser");
        Scene scene = new Scene(new Browser(), 900, 900);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

　　注意：这里的方式采用的是浏览器的方式。

import javafx.application.Platform;
import javafx.geometry.HPos;
import javafx.geometry.VPos;
import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;

public class Browser extends Region {

    private WebView webView = new WebView();
    private WebEngine webEngine = webView.getEngine();

    public Browser() {

        Platform.runLater(() -> {
            webEngine.load(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("browser/index.html").toExternalForm());
        });
        getChildren().add(webView);
    }

    @Override
    protected void layoutChildren() {
        layoutInArea(webView, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), 0, HPos.CENTER, VPos.CENTER);
    }

    @Override
    protected double computePrefWidth(double height) {
        return 900;
    }

    @Override
    protected double computePrefHeight(double width) {
        return 900;
    }
}

　　说明：这里的加载方式只能是静态页面的方式！当然可以加载已经部署好的web页面，不过那样就没啥意义了。

　　最后写了一个html的例子，简单这里不弄源码了

　　六、此篇源码地址：https://github.com/lilin409546297/JavaFX

　　七：请参考官网学习地址：http://www.javafxchina.net/main/

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