Some of Farmer John's N cows (1 ≤ N ≤ 80,000) are having a bad hair day! Since each cow is self-conscious about her messy hairstyle, FJ wants to count the number of other cows that can see the top of other cows' heads.
Each cow i has a specified height hi (1 ≤ hi ≤ 1,000,000,000) and is standing in a line of cows all facing east (to the right in our diagrams). Therefore, cow i can see the tops of the heads of cows in front of her (namely cows i+1, i+2, and so on), for as long as these cows are strictly shorter than cow i.
Consider this example:
=
= =
= - = Cows facing right -->
= = =
= - = = =
= = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cow#1 can see the hairstyle of cows #2, 3, 4
Cow#2 can see no cow's hairstyle
Cow#3 can see the hairstyle of cow #4
Cow#4 can see no cow's hairstyle
Cow#5 can see the hairstyle of cow 6
Cow#6 can see no cows at all!
Let ci denote the number of cows whose hairstyle is visible from cow i; please compute the sum of c1 through cN.For this example, the desired is answer 3 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 = 5.
Input
Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer that is the height of cow i.
Output
Sample Input
6
10
3
7
4
12
2
Sample Output
5 题意：
给定N个面向右边的奶牛，我们说一只奶牛a[i]，能看到另外一个牛奶的头发当且仅当 有一只奶牛a[j]瞒住，a[j]<a[i],并且j>i 思路：
裸的单调栈，维护一个从栈顶到栈底，严格不减小的栈。 细节见代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#define rt return
#define sz(a) int(a.size())
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rep(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<n;i++)
#define repd(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<=n;i++)
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define pll pair<long long ,long long>
#define gbtb ios::sync_with_stdio(false),cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0)
#define MS0(X) memset((X), 0, sizeof((X)))
#define MSC0(X) memset((X), '\0', sizeof((X)))
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define eps 1e-6
#define gg(x) getInt(&x)
#define db(x) cout<<"== [ "<<x<<" ] =="<<endl;
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll gcd(ll a,ll b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
ll lcm(ll a,ll b){return a/gcd(a,b)*b;}
ll powmod(ll a,ll b,ll MOD){ll ans=;while(b){if(b%)ans=ans*a%MOD;a=a*a%MOD;b/=;}return ans;}
inline void getInt(int* p);
const int maxn=;
const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;
/*** TEMPLATE CODE * * STARTS HERE ***/
ll n;
ll a[maxn];
ll r[maxn];
int main()
{
gbtb;
cin>>n;
repd(i,,n)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
stack<int> s;
for(int i=n;i>=;i--)
{
while(s.size()&&a[s.top()]<a[i])
{
s.pop();
}
if(s.size())
{
r[i]=s.top();
}else
{
r[i]=n+;
}
s.push(i);
} // repd(i,1,n)
// {
// cout<<r[i]<<" ";
// }
// cout<<endl; ll ans=0ll;
repd(i,,n)
{
ans+=1ll*(r[i]-i-);
// db(r[i]-i-1);
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
return ;
} inline void getInt(int* p) {
char ch;
do {
ch = getchar();
} while (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n');
if (ch == '-') {
*p = -(getchar() - '');
while ((ch = getchar()) >= '' && ch <= '') {
*p = *p * - ch + '';
}
}
else {
*p = ch - '';
while ((ch = getchar()) >= '' && ch <= '') {
*p = *p * + ch - '';
}
}
}