Oracle 12c CDB、PDBs创建
一、 计划多租户环境
准备足够的内存，磁盘空间；需要考虑的问题包括如下 16 个方面：
1. PDB 数量 (max 253) 与空间计划
2. 后台进程数量（ processes 参数）： PDB+CDB 用户
3. DB_NAME ， global db name
4. Spfile 为 CDB 和 PDB 共用， pdb 可单独设置参数，操作 spfile 必须在 root
5. 字符集为 CDB 和 PDB 共用，推荐 al32utf8/al16utf16( 国家字符集 )
6. 时区可以 CDB 和 PDB 统一，也可以 PDB 单独设置
7. Db_block_size 为 CDB 内统一且不能修改
8. Online redo log 的 block size ， redo log 和 control file 都是实例级共用
9. 设计合适的 sysaux ，分别计划 CDB 和 PDB 的
10. 默认表空间，可分别计划 CDB 和 PDB 默认表空间，共享临时表空间
11. 默认临时表空间，可为分别计划 CDB 和 PDB
12. Undo 表空间，每个实例只有一个 active undo 表空间
13. 规划 Service
14. 熟悉 CDB 和 PDB 的启动与关闭
15. 是否使用 RAC 环境
16. 不支持的特征需要计划避开
二、创建与删除CDB&PDB
1. 创建 CDB
DBCA （推荐）、 create database
CREATE DATABASE 必须包含 ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 从句，数据库创建时会默认创建 root 和 seed ；
数据文件的位置和名字：
1. The SEED FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause
2. Oracle Managed Files
3. The PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter
创建 CDB
CREATE DATABASE cdb_name
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SEED #seed container's tbs
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
Example 1: Creating a CDB Without Using Oracle Managed Files
CREATE DATABASE newcdb
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 1024
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/system01.dbf'
SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/deftbs01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
SEED
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
Example 2: Creating a CDB Using Oracle Managed Files
parameter file:
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST ='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
This example sets the parameter Oracle ASM storage:
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = +data
CREATE DATABASE newcdb
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
SEED
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M;
执行 catcdb.sql ，安装 CDB 组件
@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql
SYSDBA 执行如下脚本：
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
SYSTEM 用户执行：
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
2. 配置 EM express
SYSDBA 权限执行：
exec DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPPORT( http_port_number );
exec DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPSPORT( https_port_number );
每个 container 必须使用一个唯一的端口，访问方法：
http:// database_hostname : http_port_number /em/
https:// database_hostname : https_port_number /em/
3. 创建 PDB
Figure 38-1 Options for Creating a PDB
Technique
Description
Create a PDB by using the seed
Create a PDB in a CDB using the files of the seed. This technique copies the files associated with the seed to a new location and associates the copied files with the new PDB.
Create a PDB by cloning an existing PDB or non-CDB
Create a PDB by cloning a source PDB or non-CDB and plugging the clone into the CDB. A source can be a PDB in the local CDB, a PDB in a remote CDB, or a non-CDB. This technique copies the files associated with the source to a new location and associates the copied files with the new PDB.
Create a PDB by plugging an unplugged PDB into a CDB
Create a PDB by using the XML metadata file that describes the PDB and the files associated with the PDB to plug it into the CDB.
Create a PDB by using a non-CDB
Create a PDB by moving a non-CDB into a PDB. You can use the DBMS_PDB package to create an unplugged PDB from an Oracle Database 12 c non-CDB. You can then plug the unplugged PDB into the CDB.
1) CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 语句
a. 存储限制
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
STORAGE (MAXSIZE UNLIMITED)
b. PDB 文件位置
FILE_NAME_CONVERT
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
PATH_PREFIX #pdb 文件位置限制
SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 、 SOURCE_FILE_DIRECTORY # 插拔 pdb 的
c. 其他
SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT # 重命名服务名
TEMPFILE REUSE # 临时文件重用
USER_TABLESPACES #move non-cdb to pdb 时指定 TBS,ALL /ALL EXCEPT /NONE/list('tbs1','tbs4','tbs5')
LOGGING/ NOLOGGING # 表空间日志记录
STANDBYS=ALL/NONE #standby CDB
NO DATA # 克隆 pdb 时，指定不克隆数据
2) 创建 PDB 前的准备
在创建 PDB 之前，必须满足先决条件。确保在创建 PDB 之前满足以下先决条件 :
•CDB 必须存在。参见创建和配置 CDB 。
•CDB 必须处于读 / 写模式。
• 当前用户必须是 root 容器的 Common User 。
• 当前用户必须具有 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 系统权限。
• 您必须为每个 PDB 确定唯一的 PDB 名称。每个 PDB 名称在单个 CDB 中必须是惟一的，并且每个 PDB 名称在其实例通过特定侦听器到达的所有 CDBs 的范围内必须是惟一的。
3) 用 seed 创建 PDB
在使用 SNAPSHOT COPY 子句时，源 PDB 的所有数据文件必须存储在相同的存储类型中。
当使用 SNAPSHOT COPY 子句创建源 PDB 的克隆且 CLONEDB 初始化参数设置为 FALSE 时，源 PDB 文件的底层文件系统必须支持存储快照。这些文件系统包括 Oracle 自动存储管理集群文件系统 (Oracle ACFS) 和直接 NFS 客户端存储。
当你使用 SNAPSHOT COPY 来创建一个克隆， CLONEDB 初始化参数设置为 TRUE ，底层文件系统源码 PDB 文件可以是任何的本地文件系统、网络文件系统 (NFS) ，或集群文件系统，直接启用 NFS 。但是，只要存在克隆，源 PDB 必须保持开放只读模式。
Example 38-18 Creating a PDB Using No Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb ADMIN USER salesadm IDENTIFIED BY password;
Example 38-19 Creating a PDB and Granting Predefined Oracle Roles to the PDB Administrator
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb ADMIN USER salesadm IDENTIFIED BY password
ROLES=(DBA);
Example 38-20 Creating a PDB Using the STORAGE, DEFAULT TABLESPACE, PATH_PREFIX, and FILE_NAME_CONVERT Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb ADMIN USER salesadm IDENTIFIED BY password
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
DEFAULT TABLESPACE sales
DATAFILE '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/sales01.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON
PATH_PREFIX = '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/pdbseed/', '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/');
4) 克隆 PDB 或者 non-CBD 创建 PDB
A. 克隆 Local PDB
Example 38-21 Cloning a Local PDB Using No Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1;
Example 38-22 Cloning a Local PDB With the PATH_PREFIX, FILE_NAME_CONVERT, and SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1
PATH_PREFIX = '/disk2/oracle/pdb2'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/pdb1/', '/disk2/oracle/pdb2/')
SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT = ('salesrep','salesperson','orders','orderentry')
NOLOGGING;
Example 38-23 Cloning a Local PDB Using the FILE_NAME_CONVERT, STORAGE, and SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/pdb1/', '/disk2/oracle/pdb2/')
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT = ('salesrep','salesperson','orders','orderentry');
Example 38-24 Cloning a Local PDB Without Cloning Its Data
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN READ ONLY;
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1 NO DATA;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 OPEN;
B. 克隆远程 PDB 或者 non-CDB
Example 38-25 Creating a PDB by Cloning a Remote PDB Using No Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1@pdb1_link;
Example 38-26 Creating a PDB by Cloning a Remote Non-CDB
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM mydb@mydb_link;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
5) 插入 PDB 的方法创建 PDB
BEGIN
DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE(
pdb_descr_file => '/disk1/oracle/salespdb.xml',
pdb_name => 'SALESPDB');
END;
/
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) :=
CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(
pdb_descr_file => '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml',
pdb_name => 'SALESPDB')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/
Example 38-27 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB Using the NOCOPY Clause
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
NOCOPY
TEMPFILE REUSE;
Example 38-28 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB Using the AS CLONE and NOCOPY Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb AS CLONE USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
NOCOPY
TEMPFILE REUSE;
Example 38-29 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB Using the SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT, NOCOPY, and STORAGE Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/sales/', '/disk2/oracle/sales/')
NOCOPY
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
TEMPFILE REUSE;
Example 38-30 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB With the COPY, PATH_PREFIX, and FILE_NAME_CONVERT Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
COPY
PATH_PREFIX = '/disk2/oracle/sales/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/sales/', '/disk2/oracle/sales/');
Example 38-31 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB Using the SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT, MOVE, FILE_NAME_CONVERT, and STORAGE Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/sales/', '/disk2/oracle/sales/')
MOVE
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk2/oracle/sales/', '/disk3/oracle/sales/')
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G);
Example 38-32 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB Using the SOURCE_FILE_DIRECTORY, MOVE, FILE_NAME_CONVERT, and STORAGE Clauses
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
SOURCE_FILE_DIRECTORY = '/disk2/oracle/sales/'
MOVE
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk2/oracle/sales/', '/disk3/oracle/sales/')
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G);
6) 用 Non-CDB 创建 PDB
BEGIN
DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE(
pdb_descr_file => '/disk1/oracle/ncdb.xml');
END;
/
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) :=
CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(
pdb_descr_file => '/disk1/oracle/ncdb.xml',
pdb_name => 'NCDB')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ncdb USING '/disk1/oracle/ncdb.xml'
COPY
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/', '/disk2/oracle/ncdb/')
USER_TABLESPACES=('tbs3');
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
4. Unplugging PDB
Example 38-33 Unplugging PDB salespdb
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb UNPLUG INTO '/oracle/data/salespdb.xml';
5. 删除 PDB
删除 PDB 时，将修改 CDB 的控制文件，以消除对删除的 PDB 的所有引用。 与 PDB 关联的归档重做日志文件和备份不会被删除，但是您可以使用 Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) 删除它们。
Example 38-34 Dropping PDB salespdb While Keeping Its Data Files
DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb KEEP DATAFILES;
Example 38-35 Dropping PDB salespdb and Its Data Files
DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb INCLUDING DATAFILES;