多路复用并发模型 -- select
#include<sys/select.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
int select(int maxfd, fd_set *readset, fd_set *writeset, fd_set *exceptset, struct timeval *timeout)
maxfd 监控的套接字最大值 + 1
readset 集合中任意描述字准备好读,则返回
writeset 集合中任意描述字准备好写,则返回
exceptset 集合中任意描述字有异常等待处理,则返回
timeout 超时则返回(NULL 则一直等待,0 则立即返回)
返回值 =0 超时, 返回值<0 错误,返回值>0正常
多路复用并发模型 -- select
FD_ZERO(fd_set *fdset)
清空描述符集合
FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *fdset)
增加fd 到集合中, 事实上就是把某个bit位置位
FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *fdset)
从集合中清除fd, 事实上就是把某个bit位清除置位
int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *fdset)
描述字是否准备好
多路复用并发模型 -- select
优点:
通过IO复用,支持交互式输入
通过IO复用,可以同时监听 UDP 和 TCP
相比比多线程, 系统开销大大减少,
缺点:
每次调用 select 都需要把fd集合从用户态拷贝到内核态,fd很多时开销很大
调用 select 需要内核遍历 fd, fd 很多时开销很大
select 支持文件描述符监视有数量限制,默认 1024
服务器端代码:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h> #include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h> #include<sys/select.h>
#include<sys/time.h> #define SRV_PORT 0xabcd
#define MAX_CONN 3 void RcvMsg(int fds[], int index, int *pnConn)
{
char szBuf[1024] = {0};
int iRet; iRet = read(fds[index], szBuf, 1024);
if (iRet < 0)
{
perror("Fail to read!");
}
else if (iRet == 0)
{
//disconnect. remove fd from fds
printf("[%d]Disconnect...\n", fds[index]);
close(fds[index]); int j;
for (j=index; j < *pnConn - 1; j++)
{
fds[j] = fds[j+1];
}
(*pnConn)--;
}
else
{
printf("[%d]Recv:%s\n", fds[index], szBuf);
} return;
} void TcpServer()
{
int fd;
int iRet;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr); fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (fd < 0)
{
perror("Fail to socket!");
return;
} addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addr.sin_port = htons(SRV_PORT); iRet = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, addrlen);
if (iRet)
{
perror("Fail to bind!");
close(fd);
return;
} iRet = listen(fd, 100);
if (iRet)
{
perror("Fail to listen!");
close(fd);
return;
} fd_set fdset;
int maxfd = fd;
int fds[MAX_CONN]; //client fd;
int nConn = 0; //client fd num.
int i;
int clientfd;
struct sockaddr_in srcaddr;
char szMsg[100]; while(1)
{
FD_ZERO(&fdset);
FD_SET(fd, &fdset); for (i=0; i<nConn; i++)
{
FD_SET(fds[i], &fdset);//add client fd to fdset for monitor
} fprintf(stderr, "Send:");
scanf("%s", szMsg);
for (i=0; i<nConn; i++)
{
write(fds[i], szMsg, strlen(szMsg));
} iRet = select(maxfd+1, &fdset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (iRet < 0)
{
perror("Fail to select!");
break;
}
else if (iRet == 0)
{
//timeout
}
else
{
if (FD_ISSET(fd, &fdset))
{
clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&srcaddr, &addrlen);
if (clientfd < 0)
{
perror("Fail to accept!");
break;
}
if (nConn == MAX_CONN)
{
char szTip[] = "Over connect, please wait...";
write(clientfd, szTip, sizeof(szTip));
printf("Connect over!\n");
close(clientfd);
}
else
{
char szTip[] = "Welcome!";
write(clientfd, szTip, sizeof(szTip)); printf("[%d]New connection form %s:%d\n", clientfd,
inet_ntoa(srcaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(srcaddr.sin_port)); fds[nConn] = clientfd;
nConn++; if (clientfd > maxfd)
{
maxfd = clientfd;
}
}
} for (i=0; i<nConn; i++)
{
if (FD_ISSET(fds[i], &fdset))
{
RcvMsg(fds, i, &nConn);
}
} }
} close(fd);
} int main()
{
TcpServer(); return 0;
}