apache 在linux下命令
2. 编译Apache 在src目录下 ./configure 可用 ./configure--help|less 得到帮助, make, make install, install
3. apache的启动和关闭 sbin/apachectl start sbin/apachectl stop sbin/apachectl restart (重起)
源文档 <http://codex.wordpress.org.cn/Apache_%BC%F2%BD%E9%BC%B0%BB%F9%B1%BE%C5%E4%D6%C3>
http://codex.wordpress.org.cn/Apache_%BC%F2%BD%E9%BC%B0%BB%F9%B1%BE%C5%E4%D6%C3
- 重启Apache(httpd)服务: service httpd restart
- 重新启动apache服务器: apachectl restart
- 启动Apache服务器: apachectl start
- 停止Apache服务器: apachectl stop
- apachectl [ configtest -> 检查设置文件中的语法是否正确]
[fullstatus -> 显示服务器完整的状态信息 ]
[graceful ->重启Apache服务器,但不会中断原有的连接]
start/stop :: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl (start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop|configtest)
最常用的Apache路径有:
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
Apache 2.2 default layout (apache.org source package):
ServerRoot :: /usr/local/apache2
DocumentRoot :: /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
Apache Config File :: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
Other Config Files :: /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/
SSL Config File :: /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
ErrorLog :: /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log
AccessLog :: /usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log
cgi-bin :: /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl) :: /usr/local/apache2/bin
start/stop :: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl (start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop|configtest)
Apache 2.0 default layout (apache.org source package):
ServerRoot :: /usr/local/apache2
DocumentRoot :: /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
Apache Config File :: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
SSL Config :: /usr/local/apache2/conf/ssl.conf
ErrorLog :: /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log
AccessLog :: /usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log
cgi-bin :: /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl) :: /usr/local/apache2/bin
start/stop :: /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl (start|stop|graceful|configtest)
Apache 1.3 default layout (apache.org source package):
ServerRoot :: /usr/local/apache
DocumentRoot :: /usr/local/apache/htdocs
Apache Config File :: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ErrorLog :: /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
AccessLog :: /usr/local/apache/logs/access_log
cgi-bin :: /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl) :: /usr/local/apache/bin
start/stop :: /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl (start|stop|graceful|configtest)
Debian, Ubuntu (Apache 2):
ServerRoot :: /etc/apache2
DocumentRoot :: /var/www
Apache Config Files :: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
:: /etc/apache2/ports.conf
Default VHost Config :: /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
Module Locations :: /etc/apache2/mods-available, /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
ErrorLog :: /var/log/apache2/error.log
AccessLog :: /var/log/apache2/access.log
cgi-bin :: /usr/lib/cgi-bin
binaries (apachectl) :: /usr/sbin
start/stop :: /etc/init.d/apache2 (start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|start-htcacheclean|stop-htcacheclean)
Notes:
The Debian/Ubuntu layout is fully documented in /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian
Debian/Ubuntu use symlinks to enable vhosts and modules. Configuration files are created in their respective sites-available and mods-available directories. To activate vhosts and modules, symlinks are created in the respective sites-enabled and mods-enabled directories to the config files in either sites-available and mods-available. Debian provides scripts to handle this process called ‘a2ensite’ and ‘a2enmod’ which enables vhosts and modules.
The default DocumentRoot is specified in the default vhost config file, /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
Debian, Ubuntu (Apache 1.3):
ServerRoot :: /etc/apache
DocumentRoot :: /var/www
ErrorLog :: /var/log/apache/error.log
AccessLog :: /var/log/apache/access.log
cgi-bin :: /usr/lib/cgi-bin
binaries (apachectl) :: /usr/sbin
start/stop :: /etc/init.d/apache (start|stop|graceful|configtest)
Fedora Core, CentOS, RHEL:
ServerR
配置入门一:虚拟目录
打开并创建虚拟目录的步骤如下:
# Virtual hosts
# Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
去掉conf/http.conf文件中:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
前面的"#" (实际上是去掉注释) ,
然后若conf下面没有extra/http-vhosts.conf这个文件则创建,最后在里面添加如下代码:
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "E:\APMserv\APMServ5.2.6\www\htdocs\php\Weibopie\Sina_App"
ServerName wo.weibopai.com
# This should be omitted in the production environment
SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
<Directory "E:\APMserv\APMServ5.2.6\www\htdocs\php\Weibopie\Sina_App">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
其中:E:\APMserv\APMServ5.2.6\www\htdocs\php\Weibopie\Sina_App指向你要访问的项目的地址(注意Apache端口号是否是80,若不是则修改),重启Apache服务器。
ServerName 后面的参数要在hosts中映射,这样就可以通过访问域名来访问项目,
127.0.0.1 wo.weibopai.com
备注:一个Apache服务器可以配置多个虚拟目录
Apache禁止目录访问方法介绍
在PHP网站开发中,基于WEB服务器和PHP网站程序代码的安全考虑,我们需要对相关的目录或者文件访问权限进行控制,以防止意外情况的发生,那么我们如何来实现这种功能呢?我们可以通过Apache来实现禁止目录访问(禁止游览列出的目录或文件列表)、禁止或允许IP与域名访问目录的功能。
环境说明
我使用的是DedeCMS DedeAmpz的PHP运行环境,PHP版本5.2.4,Apache版本2.2.4
在Apache中配置禁止目录访问,即禁止游览列出的目录/文件列表的方法
访问网站目录时Apache默认配置为可列出目录/文件列表,即当你访问http://localhost时会列出相关的目录和文件列表,我们可以通过修改Apache配置文件httpd.conf来实现禁止列出目录/文件列表,方法如下:
1、打开apache配置文件httpd.conf
2、找到
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
<Directory /> Options Indexes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> |
只需要修改Options Indexes为Options None即可,注:根据PHP运行环境安装包的不同,Options Indexes也有可能是Options Indexes FollowSymLinks,一并改为Options None即可。
3、保存httpd.conf,并重启Apache即可,此时再访问http://localhost时, 报apache http 403 禁止访问错误信息
Forbidden
You don’t have permission to access / on this server.
Apache单个或多个目录禁止访问方法
这种方法通常用来禁止访问者访问后台管理目录或者程序目录,方法如下
1、打开apache配置文件httpd.conf
2、创建Directory块,比如禁止访问某个类库目录,可以这样实现
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<Directory /var/www/www.leapsoul.cn/inc> Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory> |
上述代码实现了禁止所有用户访问www.leapsoul.cn下inc目录的功能。如要实现禁止访问所有目录中inc目录的功能,只要将
1 |
<Directory /var/www/www.leapsoul.cn/inc> |
更改为
1 |
<Directory /var/www/www.leapsoul.cn/*/inc> |
即可。
3、重启Apache服务器。
其他说明
1、只允许或禁止某个域名进行目录访问
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<Directory /var/www/www.leapsoul.cn/inc> Order Deny,Allow Deny from abc.com Allow from apache.org </Directory> |
上述代码实现禁止abc.com域中主机访问inc目录,允许apache.org域中主机访问inc目录的功能。
2、只允许或禁止某个IP进行目录访问
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<Directory /var/www/www.leapsoul.cn/inc> Order Deny,Allow Deny from 10.1.1.2 Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 </Directory> |
上述代码实现禁止IP10.1.1.2访问www.leapsoul.cn/inc目录,允许IP192.168.1子网中的主机访问www.leapsoul.cn/inc目录的功能。
注意:Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0等同于Allow from 192.168.1或Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
至此,通过配置Apache服务器我们可以实现禁止目录访问(列出目录或文件列表),也可以实现禁止访问单个或者多个目录,更可以对访问者进行控制,比如允许或禁止某个IP或者域名对目录进行访问,这些功能对提高和优化WEB服务器的安全性能是必不可少的方法。