方法一：在web.xml配置延迟关闭session的过滤器

  <!-- 延迟关闭session OpenSessionInViewFilter 的顺序位于struts2过滤之上 否则延迟关闭session不起作用 -->

 <filter>

         <filter-name>opensession</filter-name>

          <filter-class>

            org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter

          </filter-class>

           <init-param>

               <param-name>flushMode</param-name>

              <param-value>AUTO</param-value>

         </init-param>

          <init-param>

               <param-name>singleSession</param-name>

              <param-value>true</param-value>

          </init-param>

      </filter>

      <filter-mapping>

         <filter-name>opensession</filter-name>

         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

     </filter-mapping>  

 <!-- 启动struts的配置 -->

 <filter>

  <filter-name>struts</filter-name>

  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>

 </filter>

 <filter-mapping>

  <filter-name>struts</filter-name>

  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

 </filter-mapping>

方法二：<many-to-one> 的<set> 中设置 lazy=”false”

设置lazy=”false”攻克了大部分的延时载入问题。可是同一时候也减少了系统的性能，应避免使用此方法。