本文原创，转载请注明：http://www.cnblogs.com/fengzheng/p/5941953.html
关于 Redis 集群搭建可以参考我的另一篇文章 Redis集群搭建与简单使用
Redis 是什么，能做什么
Redis 是一个开源（BSD许可），内存存储的数据结构服务器，可用作数据库，高速缓存和消息队列代理。它支持字符串、哈希表、列表、集合、有序集合，位图，hyperloglogs等数据类型。内置复制、Lua脚本、LRU收回、事务以及不同级别磁盘持久化功能，同时通过Redis Sentinel 提供高可用，通过 Redis Cluster 提供自动分区。(摘自 Redis 官网)
作为内存数据库，在现代互联网 web 系统中，还是主要将 Redis 作为缓存使用。大型互联网 Web 系统对性能要求很高，而在前端和数据层之间增加数据缓存已成为必不可少的手段之一，当前比较流行的两个技术就是 Redis 和 Memcached，至于两者有什么区别，不是本文要说的内容。本文主要讲 Java web 如何操作 Redis 及 Redis 集群。
一般 Java 程序操作Redis
Redis 提供了多种语言的客户端，在 Java 中最流行的是 Jedis 。访问可查看源码及使用方式。目前 Jedis 最新版本是2.9.0。无论是单机还是集群，Jedis 都有很详细的说明和实例代码，这里只做简单说明。如果用 Maven 做包管理，需要引用 jedis 包，本例使用最新的2.9.0版本，如下：
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
操作 Redis 单机
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig; /**
* Created by fengdezitai on 2016/10/9.
*/
public class JedisClient { private static final String host= "192.168.31.121"; private static final JedisClient jedisClient = new JedisClient(); private Jedis jedis = null;
/**
* 私有构造函数
*/
private JedisClient(){} public static JedisClient getInstance(){
return jedisClient;
} private JedisPoolConfig getPoolConfig(){
JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(10);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(100);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(3000);
return jedisPoolConfig;
} /**
* 添加
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public Boolean add(String key,String value) throws Exception{
JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(getPoolConfig(),host);
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = pool.getResource();
if(jedis.exists(key)){
throw new Exception(String.format("key (%s) 已存在 ",key));
}
jedis.set(key,value); }catch (Exception e){
throw e;
}
finally {
if(jedis!=null){
jedis.close();
}
}
pool.destroy();
return true;
} /**
* 获取值
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public String get(String key) throws Exception{
JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(getPoolConfig(),host);
Jedis jedis = null;
String result = "";
try {
jedis = pool.getResource();
result = jedis.get(key);
}catch (Exception e){
throw e;
}
finally {
if(jedis!=null){
jedis.close();
}
}
pool.destroy();
return result;
} public static void main(String[] args) {
JedisClient jedisClient = JedisClient.getInstance();
try {
/*Boolean result = jedisClient.add("hello", "redis1");
if(result){
System.out.println("success");
}*/ System.out.println(jedisClient.get("hello"));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
操作 redis 集群
import redis.clients.jedis.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set; /**
* Created by fengdezitai on 2016/10/13.
*/
public class JedisClusterClient { private static int count = 0; private static final JedisClusterClient redisClusterClient = new JedisClusterClient(); /**
* 私有构造函数
*/
private JedisClusterClient() {} public static JedisClusterClient getInstance() {
return redisClusterClient;
} private JedisPoolConfig getPoolConfig(){
JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
config.setMaxTotal(1000);
config.setMaxIdle(100);
config.setTestOnBorrow(true);
return config;
} public void SaveRedisCluster() {
Set<HostAndPort> jedisClusterNodes = new HashSet<HostAndPort>();
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.245", 7000));
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.245", 7001));
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.245", 7002));
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.210", 7003));
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.210", 7004));
jedisClusterNodes.add(new HostAndPort("192.168.31.210", 7005)); JedisCluster jc = new JedisCluster(jedisClusterNodes,getPoolConfig());
jc.set("cluster", "this is a redis cluster");
String result = jc.get("cluster");
System.out.println(result);
} public static void main(String[] args) {
JedisClusterClient jedisClusterClient = JedisClusterClient.getInstance();
jedisClusterClient.SaveRedisCluster();
}
}
Spring mvc 操作 Redis
在 Spring mvc 中操作 Redis ，首先当然要搭好 Spring mvc 框架了。以下是在假设 Spring mvc 环境已经架好的情况下。本例中 Spring 版本为 4.3.2 RELEASE。关于 Spring 的 maven 引用如下：
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <!-- spring核心包 -->
<!-- springframe start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springframe end -->
操作 Redis 单机
只用 Jedis 自己实现注入（区别于下面的引用spring-data-redis）
把前面的 JedisClient 代码拿过来引用即可，只需实现一个访问 Redis 的 Service ，就可以集成到 Spring mvc 。Service 代码如下：
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import util.JedisClient; /**
* Created by fengdezitai on 2016/10/9.
*/
@Service
public class RedisService { public String get(String key) throws Exception{
JedisClient jedisClient = JedisClient.getInstance(); //上面实现的JedisClient
String result = "";
try {
result = jedisClient.get("hello");
}catch (Exception e){
throw e;
}
return result;
}
}
Controller 实现如下：
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "redisAllInOne")
public class RedisAllInOneController { @Autowired
private RedisService redisService; @RequestMapping(value = "get",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object getByMyService(String key){
try {
String result = redisService.get(key);
return result;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
用 spring-data-redis 包做集成
上面是自己实现的注入，这里用 spring-data-redis 进行集成，只需简单配置即可，需要引用 maven 包如下，版本为目前最新版 1.7.2.RELEASE：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
使用 spring-data-redis ，即省去了自己实现注入的过程，通过它提供的一些配置，即可实现连接池配置、RedisTemplate 配置、JedisConnectionFactory 配置；通过 JedisConnectionFactory 可配置连接池参数、redis 服务器、端口、密码、超时时间、database索引等；RedisTemplate 即注入的bean ，可以使用 RedisTemplate 自动注入的实体进行 redis 的一系列操作，具体看配置；
redis 服务属性配置文件：
redis.maxIdle=300
redis.maxWait=3000
redis.testOnBorrow=true
redis.host=192.168.31.121
redis.port=6379
redis.password=password
redis.timeout=3000
spring-data-redis xml 配置文件 redis-context.xml：
<!-- jedis 连接池 配置 -->
<bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig" >
<property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}" />
<property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWait}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}" />
</bean>
<!-- redis服务器中心 -->
<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" >
<property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig" />
<property name="port" value="${redis.port}" />
<property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}" />
<!--<property name="password" value="${redis.password}" />-->
<property name="timeout" value="${redis.timeout}" ></property>
<property name="database" value="1"></property>
</bean> <bean id="commonRedisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate" >
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
<property name="keySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashKeySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="valueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashValueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
</bean> <bean id="connectionFactory1" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" >
<property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig" />
<property name="port" value="${redis.port}" />
<property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}" />
<!--<property name="password" value="${redis.password}" />-->
<property name="timeout" value="${redis.timeout}" ></property>
<property name="database" value="2"></property>
</bean> <bean id="stringRedisSerializer" class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
<bean id="cacheRedisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate" >
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory1" />
<property name="keySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashKeySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="valueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashValueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
</bean>
之后在 spring 配置文件中引用以上文件：
<import resource="redis-context.xml" />
解释一下上面的配置：
poolConfig 即配置 redis 连接池，之后配置了两个 JedisConnectionFactory 和 RedisTemplate ，一个 RedisTemplate 对应一个 JedisConnectionFactory ，这样可以配置根据场景配置不同的 Redis 连接，比如超时时间要求不一致、database 0-15 可以存储不同的数据等。这里就配置了database 1 和 2 ，调用 commonRedisTemplate 会存到 database1 ，调用 cacheRedisTemplate 会存到 database2。
之后在 Service 层即可注入并引用这两个 RedisTemplate ，如下代码：
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnection;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.*; @Repository
public class RedisCache {
@Resource(name = "cacheRedisTemplate")
private RedisTemplate<String, String> cacheRedisTemplate; public void put(Object key, Object value) {
if(null == value) {
return;
} if(value instanceof String) {
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(value.toString())) {
return;
}
} // TODO Auto-generated method stub
final String keyf = key + "";
final Object valuef = value;
final long liveTime = 86400; cacheRedisTemplate.execute(new RedisCallback<Long>() {
public Long doInRedis(RedisConnection connection)
throws DataAccessException {
byte[] keyb = keyf.getBytes();
byte[] valueb = toByteArray(valuef);
connection.set(keyb, valueb);
if (liveTime > 0) {
connection.expire(keyb, liveTime);
}
return 1L;
}
});
} public Object get(Object key) {
final String keyf = (String) key;
Object object;
object = cacheRedisTemplate.execute(new RedisCallback<Object>() {
public Object doInRedis(RedisConnection connection)
throws DataAccessException { byte[] key = keyf.getBytes();
byte[] value = connection.get(key);
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
return toObject(value); }
}); return object;
} /**
* 描述 : <byte[]转Object>. <br>
* <p>
* <使用方法说明>
* </p>
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
private Object toObject(byte[] bytes) {
Object obj = null;
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
obj = ois.readObject();
ois.close();
bis.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return obj;
} private byte[] toByteArray(Object obj) {
byte[] bytes = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(obj);
oos.flush();
bytes = bos.toByteArray();
oos.close();
bos.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return bytes;
}
}
最后在 Controller 中调用即可
@Autowired
private RedisCache redisCache; @RequestMapping(value = "get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object getByMyService(String key) {
try {
String result = redisService.get(key);
return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
} @RequestMapping(value = "save", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object save() {
Token token = new Token();
token.setAccess_token("token");
token.setExpires_in(1000);
try {
redisCache.put("token", token);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "ok";
}
操作 Redis 集群
只用 Jedis 自己实现注入（区别于下面的引用spring-data-redis）
把前面的 JedisClusterClient 代码拿过来引用即可，只需实现一个访问 Redis 的 Service ，就可以集成到 Spring mvc 。Service 代码如下：
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import util.JedisClusterClient; /**
* Created by fengdezitai on 2016/10/13.
*/
@Service
public class RedisClusterService { public void save() throws Exception{
//调用 JedisClusterClient 中的方法
JedisClusterClient jedisClusterClient = JedisClusterClient.getInstance();
try {
jedisClusterClient.SaveRedisCluster();
}catch (Exception e){
throw e;
}
}
}
最后在 Controller 中调用实现的 Service 即可
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "redisCluster")
public class RedisClusterController { @Autowired
private RedisClusterService redisClusterService; @RequestMapping(value = "save",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object save(){
try{
redisClusterService.save();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return String.format("error: %s",e.getMessage());
}
return "ok";
}
}
用 spring-data-redis 包做集成
Spring 和 spring-data-redis maven 包引用和前面一致，之所以引用 spring-data-redis 1.7.2.RELEASE，是因为目前只有这个最新版本才支持集群操作。
redis 集群服务属性配置
redis.maxIdle=300
redis.maxWait=3000
redis.testOnBorrow=false
redis.timeout=3000
spring-data-redis xml 集群配置文件 redis-cluster-context.xml
<!-- 连接池 配置 -->
<bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig" >
<property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}" />
<property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWait}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}" />
</bean> <bean id="redisClusterConfig" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterConfiguration">
<property name="maxRedirects" value="3"></property>
<property name="clusterNodes">
<set>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.245"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7000"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.245"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7001"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.245"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7002"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.210"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7003"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.210"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7004"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisNode">
<constructor-arg name="host" value="192.168.31.210"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="port" value="7005"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean> <bean id="redis4CacheConnectionFactory"
class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory">
<constructor-arg name="clusterConfig" ref="redisClusterConfig" />
<property name="timeout" value="${redis.timeout}" />
<property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig"/>
</bean> <bean name="stringRedisSerializer" class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
<bean id="clusterRedisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="redis4CacheConnectionFactory" />
<property name="keySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashKeySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="valueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
<property name="hashValueSerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer" />
</bean>
之后在 Spring 配置文件中引用
<import resource="redis-cluster-context.xml" />
解释以上配置：
poolConfig是连接池配置，redisClusterConfig 配置了 Redis 集群的各个节点（节点 host 和 port 最好写在属性配置文件中），集群搭建可见 我的 另一篇博客 。然后下面和单机配置一样了，一对 JedisConnectionFactory 和 RedisTemplate 。
之后在 Service 层即可注入并引用这个 RedisTemplate，代码如下：
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnection;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import java.io.*; /**
* Created by fengdezitai on 2016/9/29.
*/
@Repository
public class RedisClusterCache { @Autowired
private RedisTemplate clusterRedisTemplate; public void put(Object key, Object value) {
if(null == value) {
return;
} if(value instanceof String) {
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(value.toString())) {
return;
}
} // TODO Auto-generated method stub
final String keyf = key + "";
final Object valuef = value;
final long liveTime = 86400; clusterRedisTemplate.execute(new RedisCallback<Long>() {
public Long doInRedis(RedisConnection connection)
throws DataAccessException {
byte[] keyb = keyf.getBytes();
byte[] valueb = toByteArray(valuef);
connection.set(keyb, valueb);
if (liveTime > 0) {
connection.expire(keyb, liveTime);
}
return 1L;
}
});
} public Object get(Object key) {
final String keyf = (String) key;
Object object;
object = clusterRedisTemplate.execute(new RedisCallback<Object>() {
public Object doInRedis(RedisConnection connection)
throws DataAccessException { byte[] key = keyf.getBytes();
byte[] value = connection.get(key);
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
return toObject(value); }
}); return object;
} /**
* 描述 : <byte[]转Object>. <br>
* <p>
* <使用方法说明>
* </p>
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
private Object toObject(byte[] bytes) {
Object obj = null;
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
obj = ois.readObject();
ois.close();
bis.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return obj;
} private byte[] toByteArray(Object obj) {
byte[] bytes = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(obj);
oos.flush();
bytes = bos.toByteArray();
oos.close();
bos.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return bytes;
}
}
最后在 Controller 中调用即可
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "redisCluster")
public class RedisClusterController { @Autowired
private RedisClusterCache redisClusterCache; @RequestMapping(value = "clusterSave",method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST})
@ResponseBody
public Object clusterSave(){
//redisClusterCache.put("cluster","save cluster");
Token token = new Token();
token.setExpires_in(1000);
token.setAccess_token("hello world");
redisClusterCache.put("token",token);
return "ok";
} @RequestMapping(value = "getKey",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Object getCluster(String key){
Object val = redisClusterCache.get(key);
return val;
}
}
注意事项：
- 版本问题，如果用 spring-data-redis 做集成操作 Reids 集群，只有 spring-data-redis 目前最新版本1.7才包含对集群的操作，而最新的 spring-data-redis 中的某些功能对 Spring mvc 的版本也有些限制，所以尽量选择高版本的 Spring mvc 对应。
- 如果存储的value值是一个实体对象，那么一定要实现 Serializable 接口