reference：
本人的python是3.5，由于3.0后用的是pymysql，就不能用tornado自带的torndb来进行简单的连接操作。
Application这个类是初始化一些全局变量，按照道理说里边的self.db 也应该能够被其他类或者派生类调用的，但是
db这个属性就是不行，无奈只好创建了一个全局的db句柄，然后在HouseHandler类中根据这个db初始化一个实例。
当然要在Aplication中传入这个字典参数：dict(db=db)
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
""" -
Created on Wed Mar 21 16:49:24 2018 -
@author: ming -
""" -
# coding:utf-8 -
import os -
import tornado.web -
import tornado.ioloop -
import tornado.httpserver -
import tornado.options -
from tornado.options import options, define -
from tornado.web import RequestHandler -
#import torndb -
import pymysql -
''' -
python 2用torndb -
''' -
define("port", default=8000, type=int, help="run server on the given port.") -
db = pymysql.Connection(host='127.0.0.1', database='mysql', user='root', password='0000',charset='utf8') -
class HouseHandler(RequestHandler): -
def initialize(self, db): -
self.db = db -
print(1) -
def get(self): -
#db = self.db -
cur=db.cursor() -
print(type(cur)) -
try: -
cur.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", ('独立装修小别 墅', '紧邻文津街', 280, 4, 128) ) -
except Exception as e: -
return self.write('cuo wu') -
db.commit() -
print("success") -
cur.close() -
# db.close() -
-
#self.write({"error":0,"errmsg":"db ok","data":[]}) -
#这个类把登录信息进行了绑定，保证连接的时候只实例化一次 -
class Application(tornado.web.Application): -
def _init_(self,*args,**kwargs): -
self.a =1; -
-
super(Application,self)._init_(*args,**kwargs) -
#img_files = files.get('img') -
'''try: -
self.db = pymysql.Connection(host='127.0.0.1', database='mysql', user='root', password='0000') -
except Exception as e: -
#发生错误就不往下执行，而是向前端返回出错信息 -
return self.write("haha")''' -
print("hahaaa") -
-
-
settings = dict( -
template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"), -
static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "statics"), -
debug=True, -
) -
if __name__ == "__main__": -
tornado.options.parse_command_line() -
app = Application([ -
#(r"/", IndexHandler), -
(r"/house", HouseHandler,dict(db=db)), -
],**settings) -
http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(app) -
http_server.listen(options.port) -
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
二：pymysql的简单操作
（1）网上有个模拟注入攻击的例子
在这个实例中不是创建一个全局的连接，而是在post方法中创建一个连接，这种做法不提倡。
一、搭建环境
1、服务端的tornado主程序app.py如下：
-
#!/usr/bin/env python3 -
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
import tornado.ioloop -
import tornado.web -
import pymysql -
class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): -
def get(self): -
self.render('login.html') -
def post(self, *args, **kwargs): -
username = self.get_argument('username',None) -
pwd = self.get_argument('pwd', None) -
# 创建数据库连接 -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123456', db='shop') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
# %s 要加上'' 否则会出现KeyboardInterrupt的错误 -
temp = "select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, pwd) -
effect_row = cursor.execute(temp) -
result = cursor.fetchone() -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close() -
if result: -
self.write('登录成功！') -
else: -
self.write('登录失败！') -
settings = { -
'template_path':'template', -
} -
application = tornado.web.Application([ -
(r"/login", LoginHandler), -
],**settings) -
if __name__ == "__main__": -
application.listen(8000) -
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
2、在template文件夹下，放入login.html文件：
-
<!DOCTYPE html> -
<html lang="en"> -
<head> -
<meta charset="UTF-8"> -
<title>Title</title> -
</head> -
<body> -
<form method="post" action="/login"> -
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"/> -
<input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/> -
<input type="submit" value="提交" /> -
</form> -
</body> -
</html>
3、在shop数据库中建立userinfo数据表,并填入数据：

随便添加两条就好，明文就明文吧：

二、模拟登录
1、正常登录




以上都是“好用户”的正常登录，我们看一下“坏家伙”怎么做。
2、非法登录
密码不对也能登录：


看一下服务端执行的SQL语句，就不难理解了，密码部分被注释掉了：
select name from userinfo where name='dyan' -- n' and password='000'
账户密码都不对照样登录成功:


看执行的SQL语句：
select name from userinfo where name='badguy' or 1=1 -- y' and password='000'
三、使用cursor.execute方式防止注入
使用字符串拼接的方式会导致SQL注入。在cursor.execute方法中对'导致注入的符号做了转义。
将app.py中下面两行代码改为：
-
# 导致SQL注入 -
temp = "select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, pwd) -
effect_row = cursor.execute(temp)
-
# 防止SQL注入 -
effect_row = cursor.execute("select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'",(username, pwd,))
再次尝试注入：


错误原因，巴拉巴拉就是语法不对：
ymysql.err.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax;
看看内部执行的语句，主要是对'符号做了转义防止注入：
select name from userinfo where name=''dyan\' -- n'' and password=''123''
二、使用操作
1. 执行SQL
-
#!/usr/bin/env python -
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ -
__author__ = 'junxi' -
import pymysql -
# 创建连接 -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
# 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
# 执行SQL，并返回收影响行数 -
row1 = cursor.execute("update users set password = '123'") -
print(row1) -
# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数 -
row2 = cursor.execute("update users set password = '456' where id > %s", (1,)) -
print(row2) -
# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数（使用pymysql的参数化语句防止SQL注入） -
row3 = cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", '333', 'ceshi3@11.com'), ("ceshi4", '444', 'ceshi4@qq.com')]) -
print(row3) -
# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 -
conn.commit() -
# 关闭游标 -
cursor.close() -
# 关闭连接 -
conn.close()
提示：存在中文的时候，连接需要添加charset='utf8'，否则中文显示乱码。
2、获取查询数据
-
#!/usr/bin/env python -
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ -
__author__ = 'junxi' -
import pymysql -
# 创建连接 -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
# 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
cursor.execute("select * from users") -
# 获取第一行数据 -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print(row_1) -
# 获取前n行数据 -
row_n = cursor.fetchmany(3) -
print(row_n) -
# 获取所有数据 -
row_3 = cursor.fetchall() -
print(row_3) -
# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 -
conn.commit() -
# 关闭游标 -
cursor.close() -
# 关闭连接 -
conn.close()
3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID，也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
-
#!/usr/bin/env python -
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ -
__author__ = 'junxi' -
import pymysql -
# 创建连接 -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
# 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", '333', 'ceshi3@11.com'), ("ceshi4", '444', 'ceshi4@qq.com')]) -
new_id = cursor.lastrowid -
print(new_id) -
# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 -
conn.commit() -
# 关闭游标 -
cursor.close() -
# 关闭连接 -
conn.close()
4、移动游标
操作都是靠游标，那对游标的控制也是必须的
-
注：在fetch数据时按照顺序进行，可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置，如： -
cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动 -
cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
5、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元组类型，如果想要或者字典类型的数据，即：
-
import pymysql -
# 创建连接 -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
# 游标设置为字典类型 -
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) -
# 左连接查询 -
r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2") -
result = cursor.fetchall() -
print(result) -
# 查询一个表的所有字段名 -
c = cursor.execute("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users FROM blog") -
cc = cursor.fetchall() -
# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 -
conn.commit() -
# 关闭游标 -
cursor.close() -
# 关闭连接 -
conn.close()
查看运行结果：
[{'user_id': 2, 'id': 2, 'password': '456', 'email': 'xinlei2017@test.com', 'a.id': 2, 'content': '成名之路', 'title': '星光大道', 'username': 'tangtang'}]
6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
#游标设置为字典类型 -
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) -
#无参数存储过程 -
cursor.callproc('p2') #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()") -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
b、调用有参存储过程
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) -
cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4)) -
#获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头 -
cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3") -
# {u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24} -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
三、关于pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查询，造成注入
正常查询语句：
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
username = "ceshi1" -
password = "ceshi1passwd" -
# 正常构造语句的情况 -
sql = "select username, password from users where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (username, password) -
# sql = select username, password from users where user='ceshi1' and pass='ceshi1passwd' -
row_count = cursor.execute(sql) -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_count, row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
构造注入语句：
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
username = "u1' or '1'-- " -
password = "u1pass" -
sql="select username, password from users where username='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, password) -
# 拼接语句被构造成下面这样，永真条件，此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。 -
# select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass' -
row_count = cursor.execute(sql) -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_count,row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
2、避免注入，使用pymysql提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
username="u1" -
password="u1pass" -
#执行参数化查询 -
row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from tb7 where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_count,row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
构造注入，参数化查询注入失败。
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
username="u1' or '1'-- " -
password="u1pass" -
#执行参数化查询 -
row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) -
#内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句，对特殊字符进行了加\转义，避免注入语句生成。 -
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) -
# print sql -
#select username,password from users where username='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and password='u1pass'被转义的语句。 -
row_1 = cursor.fetchone() -
print row_count,row_1 -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
结论：excute执行SQL语句的时候，必须使用参数化的方式，否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入
-
使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入，动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。 -
delimiter \\ -
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\ -
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql ( -
in nid1 INT, -
in nid2 INT, -
in callsql VARCHAR(255) -
) -
BEGIN -
set @nid1 = nid1; -
set @nid2 = nid2; -
set @callsql = callsql; -
PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql; -
-- PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from users where nid>? and nid<?'; 传入的值为字符串，？为占位符 -
-- 用@p1，和@p2填充占位符 -
EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2; -
DEALLOCATE prepare myprod; -
END\\ -
delimiter ; -
set @nid1=12; -
set @nid2=15; -
set @callsql = 'select * from users where nid>? and nid<?'; -
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
pymsql中调用
-
#! /usr/bin/env python -
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -
import pymysql -
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8') -
cursor = conn.cursor() -
sql1="select * from users where nid>? and nid<?" -
cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, sql1)) -
rows = cursor.fetchall() -
print rows -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close()
四、使用with简化连接过程
-
# 使用with简化连接过程，每次都连接关闭很麻烦，使用上下文管理，简化连接过程 -
import pymysql -
import contextlib -
# 定义上下文管理器，连接后自动关闭连接 -
@contextlib.contextmanager -
def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8'): -
conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset) -
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) -
try: -
yield cursor -
finally: -
conn.commit() -
cursor.close() -
conn.close() -
# 执行sql -
with mysql() as cursor: -
# 左连接查询 -
r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2") -
result = cursor.fetchall() -
print(result)
查看运行结果：
[{'title': '星光大道', 'username': 'tangtang', 'user_id': 2, 'email': 'xinlei3166@126.com', 'a.id': 2, 'content': '成名之路', 'password': '456', 'id': 2}]