Python安装MySQL数据库模块

2022-11-26 18:45:35

背景

折腾：

【记录】使用Python操作MySQL数据库

的过程中，需要去安装MySQLdb。

下载MySQLdb

去官网：

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/

看到有1.2.4和1.2.3

所以去最新的1.2.4：

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/1.2.4

下载对应的编译好的版本：

MySQL-python-1.2.4.win32-py2.7.exe

得到1MB的

MySQL-python-1.2.4.win32-py2.7.exe

安装MySQLdb

双击安装：

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

结果出错：

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

看来此x86的exe，是不支持我的win7 x64。

所以只能去下载源码再去安装了。

下载源码：

MySQL-python-1.2.4.zip

然后再去解压和安装，结果果然出现

error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

的错误：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install           
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz             
Extracting in c:\users\cli\appdata\local\temp\tmpkapo0l             
Now working in c:\users\cli\appdata\local\temp\tmpkapo0l\distribute-0.6.28             
Building a Distribute egg in D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4             
D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4\distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg             
running install             
running bdist_egg             
running egg_info             
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO             
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt             
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt             
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO             
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt             
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt             
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’             
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’             
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’             
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg             
running install_lib             
running build_py             
creating build             
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7             
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7             
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\converters.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\connections.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\cursors.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
copying MySQLdb\times.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
copying MySQLdb\constants\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
copying MySQLdb\constants\CR.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants            
copying MySQLdb\constants\FIELD_TYPE.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
copying MySQLdb\constants\ER.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants            
copying MySQLdb\constants\FLAG.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
copying MySQLdb\constants\REFRESH.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
copying MySQLdb\constants\CLIENT.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants             
running build_ext             
building ‘_mysql’ extension             
error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>

然后参考之前的办法，结果还是出错：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install           
running install             
running bdist_egg             
running egg_info             
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO             
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt             
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt             
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO             
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt             
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt             
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’             
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’             
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’             
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg             
running install_lib             
running build_py             
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb             
running build_ext             
building ‘_mysql’ extension             
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7             
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release             
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Dversion_info=(1,2,4,’final’,1) -D__version__=1.2.4 "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL             
Connector C 6.0.2\include" -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\include -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\PC /Tc_mysql.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\_mysql.obj /Zl             
_mysql.c             
_mysql.c(42) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory             
error: command ‘"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe"’ failed with exit status 2

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>

然后再参考：

Windows下安装MySQLdb遇到的问题及解决方法

所说的：

1）问题 ： _mysql.c(34) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory       
error: command ‘”C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/BIN/cl.exe”‘ failed with exit status 2

原因 ：原因是安装MySQL的时候没有安装C语言库。

解决 ：重新运行MySQL的安装程序，选择Modify，把“C Include Files / Lib Files”勾选上，并安装。

去重新安装mysql。

继续：

【记录】为Python安装MySQL数据库模块：MySQLdb

的折腾：

1.参考：

MySQL-python 1.2.3 for Windows and Python 2.7, 32bit and 64bit versions

得知：

python的

此处的要安装x64还是x86，是取决于你所安装的Python的版本，而不是OS的版本。

所以此处去x64 win7中的cmd中确认一下python的版本：

C:\Users\CLi>python 
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>>

的确是x64的，所以的确要安装的是x64。

2.下载对应的：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe (1.0 MiB)

结果链接失效：“File does not exist.”

3.从：

http://www.codegood.com/downloads

找到一堆的下载，但是结果都失效了。

4.参考：

Python: How to install mysqldb on windows 7 x64?

结果最后找到的下载地址也是上面的那个失效的地址。

5.还是参考：

Install MySQLdb for Python 2.6 in Windows 7 64-bit

和

python MySQLdb在windows环境下的快速安装、问题解决方式

去自己编译吧。

6.然后还是同样错误：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install
running install 
running bdist_egg 
running egg_info 
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO 
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt 
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt 
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO 
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt 
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt 
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’ 
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’ 
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’ 
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg 
running install_lib 
running build_py 
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb 
running build_ext 
building ‘_mysql’ extension 
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Dversion_info=(1,2,4,’final’,1) -D__version__=1.2.4 "-IC:\Program File 
s (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2\include" -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\include -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\PC /Tc_mysql.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Rele 
ase\_mysql.obj /Zl 
_mysql.c 
_mysql.c(42) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory 
error: command ‘"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe"’ failed with exit status 2

然后参考：

Install Python-MySql on Windows 7 64-bit

看到了site.cfg内容是：

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[options]
# embedded: link against the embedded server library
# threadsafe: use the threadsafe client
# static: link against a static library (probably required for embedded)
 
embedded = False
threadsafe = True
static = False
 
# The path to mysql_config.
# Only use this if mysql_config is not on your PATH, or you have some weird
# setup that requires it.
#mysql_config = /usr/local/bin/mysql_config
 
# Windows connector libs for MySQL. You need a 32-bit connector for your 32-bit Python build.
connector = C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2

然后注意到了，上面的编译过程中的include的路径，就是此处的connector的值。

7.又在这里：

Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages

找到了一个已编译的版本的下载地址：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe [1.1 Mb] [Python 2.7] [64 bit] [JUN 08, 2011]

然后去安装：

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

然后就可以写代码去测试是否工作了。

在Python中使用MySQLdb操作MySQL数据库

参考：

python操作MySQL数据库

然后用：

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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function:
【记录】为Python安装MySQL数据库模块：MySQLdb
 
Autor:  Crifan Li
Date:   2013-04-22
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""
 
#---------------------------------import---------------------------------------
import MySQLdb
 
def python_mysql_test():
    """
    try to use mysql in python
    """
 
    try:
        conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='xxx',db='wordpress',port=3306)
        print "conn=",conn;
        cur=conn.cursor()
        print "cur=",cur;
        cur.execute('select * from wp_users')
        cur.close()
        conn.close()
    except MySQLdb.Error,e:
         print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
 
###############################################################################
if __name__=="__main__":
    python_mysql_test();

可以显示连接成功了：

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2a46ad8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x0000000002A54C50>

对应的wordpress的数据库是：

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

9.再去折腾新建数据项试试：

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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function:
【记录】为Python安装MySQL数据库模块：MySQLdb
 
Autor:  Crifan Li
Date:   2013-04-22
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""
 
#---------------------------------import---------------------------------------
import MySQLdb
 
def python_mysql_test():
    """
    try to use mysql in python
    """
 
    try:
        conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='xxx',db='test',port=3306, charset='utf8')
        print "conn=",conn;
        cur=conn.cursor()
        print "cur=",cur;
 
        createdDb = cur.execute('create database if not exists pythonMysql')
        print "createdDb=",createdDb;
        selectedDb = conn.select_db('pythonMysql')
        print "selectedDb=",selectedDb;
        createdTable = cur.execute('create table test(id int,info varchar(20))')
        print "createdTable=",createdTable;
         
        value=[1,'hi rollen']
        insertedValue = cur.execute('insert into test values(%s,%s)',value)
        print "insertedValue=",insertedValue;
         
        values=[]
        for i in range(20):
            values.append((i,'hi rollen'+str(i)))
              
        insertedValues = cur.executemany('insert into test values(%s,%s)',values)
        print "insertedValues=",insertedValues;
      
        updatedInfo = cur.execute('update test set info="I am rollen" where id=3')
        print "updatedInfo=",updatedInfo;
      
        committed = conn.commit()
        print "committed=",committed;
         
        closedCur = cur.close()
        print "closedCur=",closedCur;
        closedConn = conn.close()
        print "closedConn=",closedConn;
     
    except MySQLdb.Error,e:
         print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
 
###############################################################################
if __name__=="__main__":
    python_mysql_test();

结果如下：

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2a46ad8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x0000000002A54C50>

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2be06a8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x00000000028B7BE0>

createdDb= 1

selectedDb= None

createdTable= 0

insertedValue= 1

insertedValues= 20

updatedInfo= 1

committed= None

closedCur= None

closedConn= None

数据库中去看看结果：

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

Python安装MySQL数据库模块

都是可以正常工作的。

至此，简单的操作，到此结束。

以后就是针对要操作的数据，如何导入数据库，如何操作数据库了。

数据库操作：

python操作MySQL数据库

 

坚持每天学一点，每天积累一点点，作为自己每天的业余收获，这个文章是我在吃饭的期间写的，利用自己零散的时间学了一下python操作MYSQL，所以整理一下。

我采用的是MySQLdb操作的MYSQL数据库。先来一个简单的例子吧：

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import MySQLdb
 
try:
    conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',db='test',port=3306)
    cur=conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('select * from user')
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
     print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

　　请注意修改你的数据库，主机名，用户名，密码。

下面来大致演示一下插入数据，批量插入数据，更新数据的例子吧：

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import MySQLdb
 
try:
    conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',port=3306)
    cur=conn.cursor()
     
    cur.execute('create database if not exists python')
    conn.select_db('python')
    cur.execute('create table test(id int,info varchar(20))')
     
    value=[1,'hi rollen']
    cur.execute('insert into test values(%s,%s)',value)
     
    values=[]
    for i in range(20):
        values.append((i,'hi rollen'+str(i)))
         
    cur.executemany('insert into test values(%s,%s)',values)
 
    cur.execute('update test set info="I am rollen" where id=3')
 
    conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
 
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
     print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

　　请注意一定要有conn.commit()这句来提交事务，要不然不能真正的插入数据。

运行之后我的MySQL数据库的结果就不上图了。

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import MySQLdb
 
try:
    conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',port=3306)
    cur=conn.cursor()
     
    conn.select_db('python')
 
    count=cur.execute('select * from test')
    print 'there has %s rows record' % count
 
    result=cur.fetchone()
    print result
    print 'ID: %s info %s' % result
 
    results=cur.fetchmany(5)
    for r in results:
        print r
 
    print '=='*10
    cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
 
    results=cur.fetchall()
    for r in results:
        print r[1]
     
 
    conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
 
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
     print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

　　运行结果就不贴了，太长了。

查询后中文会正确显示，但在数据库中却是乱码的。经过我从网上查找，发现用一个属性有可搞定：

在Python代码

conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python') 中加一个属性：
 改为：
conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python',charset='utf8') 
charset是要跟你数据库的编码一样，如果是数据库是gb2312 ,则写charset='gb2312'。

下面贴一下常用的函数：

然后,这个连接对象也提供了对事务操作的支持,标准的方法
commit() 提交
rollback() 回滚

cursor用来执行命令的方法:
callproc(self, procname, args):用来执行存储过程,接收的参数为存储过程名和参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
execute(self, query, args):执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
executemany(self, query, args):执行单挑sql语句,但是重复执行参数列表里的参数,返回值为受影响的行数
nextset(self):移动到下一个结果集

cursor用来接收返回值的方法:
fetchall(self):接收全部的返回结果行.
fetchmany(self, size=None):接收size条返回结果行.如果size的值大于返回的结果行的数量,则会返回cursor.arraysize条数据.
fetchone(self):返回一条结果行.
scroll(self, value, mode='relative'):移动指针到某一行.如果mode='relative',则表示从当前所在行移动value条,如果 mode='absolute',则表示从结果集的第一行移动value条.

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