Django入门项目实践（下）

2022-11-22 22:01:09

5.设置应用程序的样式

安装django-bootstrap3。

# untitled/untitled/settings.py

# ···

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    # 第三方应用程序

    'bootstrap3',

    # 我的应用程序

    'learning_logs',

    'users'

]

# ···

BOOTSTRAP3 = {

    'include_jquery' : True

}

<!-- untitled/templates/learning_logs/base.html -->

{% load bootstrap3 %}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

  <head>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>Learning Log</title>

    {% bootstrap_css %}

    {% bootstrap_javascript %}

  </head>

  <body>

    <!-- Static navbar -->

    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">

      <div class="container">

        <div class="navbar-header">

          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed"

              data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"

              aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">

          </button>

          <a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">

              Learning Log</a>

        </div>

        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">

          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">

            <li><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topics</a></li>

          </ul>

          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">

            {% if user.is_authenticated %}

              <li><a>Hello, {{ user.username }}.</a></li>

              <li><a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">log out</a></li>

            {% else %}

              <li><a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">register</a></li>

              <li><a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log in</a></li>

            {% endif %}

          </ul>

        </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->

      </div>

    </nav>

    <div class="container">

      <div class="page-header">

        {% block header %}{% endblock %}

      </div>

      <div>

        {% block content %}{% endblock %}

      </div>

    </div> <!-- /container -->

  </body>

</html>

使用jumbotron设置主页的样式。

<!-- untitled/templates/learning_logs/index.html -->

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block header %}

  <div class='jumbotron'>

      <h1>Track your learning.</h1>

  </div>

{% endblock %}

{% block content %}

  <h2>

    <a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">Register an account</a> to make

     your own Learning Log, and list the topics you're learning about.

  </h2>

  <h2>

    Whenever you learn something new about a topic, make an entry

    summarizing what you've learned.

  </h2>

{% endblock %}

6.部署应用程序到Heroku

我们将项目部署到Heroku的服务器并对其进行管理。

首先需要到官网https://dashboard.heroku.com注册账号。
接着安装Heroku客户端，请访问https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-cli。

注意：访问Heroku官网需要VPN，注册账号需要用国外的邮箱，我试过outlook邮箱可以注册。

6.1 安装必要的包

在PyCharm的Terminal窗口逐个执行以下几个命令：

pip install dj-database-url
pip install dj-static
pip install static3
pip install gunicorn

6.2 创建requirements.txt

执行pip freeze > requirements.txt命令，将项目当前安装的所有包的名称都写入到文件requirements.txt中。

dj-database-url==0.5.0

dj-static==0.0.6

Django==2.1.7

django-bootstrap3==11.0.0

gunicorn==19.9.0

pytz==2018.9

static3==0.7.0

psycopg2>=2.6.1

我们在包列表中添加psycopg2，它帮助Heroku管理活动数据库。

6.3 指定Python版本

runtime.txt

python-3.6.3

6.4 修改settings.py

# untitled/untitled/settings.py

# ···

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

# Heroku settings

if os.getcwd() == '/app':

    import dj_database_url

    DATABASES = {

        'default': dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://localhost')

    }

    # Honor the 'X-Forwarded-Proto' header for request.is_secure().

    SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')

    # Only allow heroku to host the project.

    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['learning-log-final.herokuapp.com']

    DEBUG = True

    # Static asset configuration

    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    # STATIC_ROOT = 'staticfiles'

    STATICFILES_DIRS = (

        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),

    )

注意STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')这行代码，它写在if测试外面。

6.5 创建启动进程的Procfile

Procfile

web: gunicorn learning_log.wsgi --log-file -

6.6 修改wsgi.py

# untitled/untitled/wsgi.py

import os

from dj_static import Cling

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'untitled.settings')

application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())

6.7 创建用于存储静态文件的目录

untitled/untitled/static/placeholder.txt

This file ensures that learning_log/static/ will be added to the project.

Django will collect static files and place them in learning_log/static/.

6.8 使用Git跟踪项目文件

我们无需让Git跟踪项目中的每个文件，因此将让Git忽略一些文件。

.gitignore

venv/

__pycache__/

*.sqlite3

提交项目

推送到Heroku

项目源码地址：https://github.com/gorgeous-h/learning_log.git

注意：这个项目是在Windows环境下做的。

参考资料：《Python编程从入门到实践》—【美】Eric Matthes 著

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