五、使用别名(Alias)
首先,有这样一段Java代码:
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
- public class XStreamTest2 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
- }
- class Blog {
- private Author writer;
- private List entries = new ArrayList();
- public Blog(Author writer) {
- this.writer = writer;
- }
- public void add(Entry entry) {
- entries.add(entry);
- }
- public List getContent() {
- return entries;
- }
- }
- class Author {
- private String name;
- public Author(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- }
- class Entry {
- private String title, description;
- public Entry(String title, String description) {
- this.title = title;
- this.description = description;
- }
- }
对于上面这段代码,现在我要将一个Blog对象转换成为XML字符串,产生的结果是:
- <cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Blog>
- <writer>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </writer>
- <entries>
- <cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Entry>
- <cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Entry>
- </entries>
- </cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Blog>
但是,我要将一个Blog对象转换成为下面的XML字符串的形式:
- <blog author="Guilherme Silveira">
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>
- Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!
- </description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
该怎么办呢?
这就需要用到别名转换方法了!
下面我们就一步步的调整代码:
1,给类起别名
需求:将节点cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Blog、cn.tjpu.zhw.xml.Entry重命名为blog和entry
添加代码:
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
即main方法如下:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
运行结果如下:
- <blog>
- <writer>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </writer>
- <entries>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </entry>
- </entries>
- </blog>
2,给字段其别名
需求:将writer节点重命名为author节点
添加代码:
- xstream.aliasField("author", Blog.class, "writer");
即main方法为:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- xstream.aliasField("author", Blog.class, "writer");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
运行结果如下:
- <blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entries>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </entry>
- </entries>
- </blog>
3,使用隐式集合(Implicit Collection)
隐式集合:当你不想将一个集合的根节点呈现出来的时候,它就是一个隐式集合。
数组、Collection、Map都可以成为隐式集合。
需求:隐藏entries节点
添加代码:
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
则main方法如下:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- xstream.aliasField("author", Blog.class, "writer");
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
运行结果:
- <blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
4,给XML属性起别名
需求:将writer节点,改成blog节点的authot属性
添加代码:
- xstream.useAttributeFor(Blog.class, "writer");
即main方法如下:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- xstream.useAttributeFor(Blog.class, "writer");
- xstream.aliasField("author", Blog.class, "writer");
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
但是运行的结果却是不是预想的那样:
- <blog>
- <author>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </author>
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
可以看到,运行的结果根本就没有变化,为什么?
因为,还缺少一个转换器,XML节点的属性是一个String字符串,但是Author类不是字符串,这就需要一个转换器将Author对象转换成一个String对象、同时能够将String对象反转换为Author对象:
- //定义一个转换器,如果使用,则需要在使用时注册到对应的XStream对象中
- class AuthorConverter implements SingleValueConverter {
- /*该方法用于从Author对象中提取一个String字符串*/
- public String toString(Object obj) {
- return ((Author) obj).getName();
- }
- /*该方法用于从一个String字符串生成Author对象*/
- public Object fromString(String name) {
- return new Author(name);
- }
- /*该方法告诉XStream对象,该转换器可以转换哪种类型的对象*/
- public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
- return type.equals(Author.class);
- }
- }
新的main方法如下:
- public class XStreamTest2 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- xstream.alias("blog", Blog.class);
- xstream.alias("entry", Entry.class);
- //设置XML节点的属性
- xstream.useAttributeFor(Blog.class, "writer");
- //注册转换器
- xstream.registerConverter(new AuthorConverter());
- xstream.aliasField("author", Blog.class, "writer");
- xstream.addImplicitCollection(Blog.class, "entries");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
- }
到此为止,运行的结果就会真正的向预期的那样:
- <blog author="Guilherme Silveira">
- <entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </entry>
- </blog>
5,使用包名别名
需求:有时候需要事项不同包里面的相同类名的节点之间的相互映射,这时就需要改变一下包名了
添加代码:
- xstream.aliasPackage("org.thoughtworks", "cn.tjpu.zhw.xml");
即更改main方法:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Blog teamBlog = new Blog(new Author("Guilherme Silveira"));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("first","My first blog entry."));
- teamBlog.add(new Entry("tutorial",
- "Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!"));
- XStream xstream = new XStream();
- //包名别名
- xstream.aliasPackage("org.thoughtworks", "cn.tjpu.zhw.xml");
- System.out.println(xstream.toXML(teamBlog));
- }
运行结果如下:
- <org.thoughtworks.Blog>
- <writer>
- <name>Guilherme Silveira</name>
- </writer>
- <entries>
- <org.thoughtworks.Entry>
- <title>first</title>
- <description>My first blog entry.</description>
- </org.thoughtworks.Entry>
- <org.thoughtworks.Entry>
- <title>tutorial</title>
- <description>Today we have developed a nice alias tutorial. Tell your friends! NOW!</description>
- </org.thoughtworks.Entry>
- </entries>
- </org.thoughtworks.Blog>