DirectX11 学习笔记4 - 一个完整的封装框架

2022-11-22 11:25:44

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本程序主要由5个文件组成。1个CPP 4个H文件本来H文件能够分为4个CPP4个H，可是感觉太多了，就写到一起了

XMain

这个文件就是windows程序的入口函数

<span style="font-size:14px;">//入口

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR pScmdline, int iCmdshow)

{

	XWindow *xwindow=new XWindow;

	xwindow->init(); //初始化

	xwindow->close();

	delete xwindow;

	return 0;

}</span>

接下来就是进入XWindow.h

XWindow.h

首先是init()

xwidth=500;

	xheight=400;

	x_input=new XInput;

	x_graphics=new XGraphics;

	//创建窗体

	initWindows(xwidth,xheight,L"Engine");

	//初始化键盘

	x_input->init();

	//初始化渲染

	x_graphics->init(xwidth,xheight,m_hwnd);

	//消息循环

	runWindows();

	//关闭窗体

	closeWindows();

主要就是创建了窗体，键初始化，渲染初始化。然后就能够開始我们的消息循环了。

窗体初始化学过windows编程的就知道比較简单。然后x_input后面讲。

唯一与Directx相关的就是消息循环和渲染了。

当中消息循环：

MSG msg;

	// 初始化消息结构.

	ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

	// 循环进行消息处理

	while(!Xexit)

	{

		// 处理windows消息.

		if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))

		{

			TranslateMessage(&msg);

			DispatchMessage(&msg);

		}

		// 接收到WM_QUIT消息，退出程序.

		if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)

		{

			Xexit=true;

		}

		else

		{

			//渲染

			Xexit=!frame();

		}

	}

加了一个frame函数，意思就是除了接受windows的正常消息之外。还不断的循环着一个函数frame.

这个frame就是渲染有关的啦。

bool XWindow::frame()

{

	//推断是否按下ESC键

	if(x_input->isKeyDown(VK_ESCAPE))

		return false;

	//開始渲染

	return x_graphics->frame();

}

bool XGraphics::frame()

{

	bool hr=render();

	return hr;

}

bool XGraphics::render()

{

	x_d3d->begin(0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,1.0f);//蓝色

	x_d3d->end();

	return true;

}

如上面一层一层的调用。

事实上终于就是绘制了一个蓝色的背景。之所以写这么多层，而不在一个程序里2行代码搞定，是由于之后的project越来越大，所有放一个文件。会很难分析其逻辑，并且很难改动。

XGraphics

以后主要代码就是写在这个类里面了。如今还是空空的。

XD3Device

这个类就是做这个框架的意义了。

里面的init() 初始化了一堆非常复杂，非常烦躁的。设备链，深度模板缓冲，各种状态绑定等等。都是一次性的。

后面仅仅须要改改參数即可。所以把它隔离到这个类。

仅仅要在用的时候轻轻调用一个函数就能够了

bool XGraphics:: init(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)

{

	x_d3d=new XD3Device;

	bool hr=x_d3d->init(screenWidth,screenHeight,VSYNC_ENABLED,hwnd,FULL_SCREEN,SCREEN_DEPTH,SCREEN_NEAR);

	if(!hr)

	{

		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D", L"Error", MB_OK);

		return false;

	}

	return true;

}

所有代码

XGraphics.h

效果

#pragma once

#include <windows.h>

#include "XD3Device.h"

/////////////

// GLOBALS //

/////////////

const bool  FULL_SCREEN = false; //是否全屏

const bool  VSYNC_ENABLED = true; //是否垂直同步

const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f; //深度，远点

const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.1f; //深度，近点

class XGraphics

{

public:

	bool init(int, int, HWND); //初始化渲染设备

	void close();

	bool frame();

private:

	bool render();

private:

	XD3Device *x_d3d;

};

bool XGraphics:: init(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)

{

	x_d3d=new XD3Device;

	bool hr=x_d3d->init(screenWidth,screenHeight,VSYNC_ENABLED,hwnd,FULL_SCREEN,SCREEN_DEPTH,SCREEN_NEAR);

	if(!hr)

	{

		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D", L"Error", MB_OK);

		return false;

	}

	return true;

}

void XGraphics::close()

{

	if(x_d3d)

	{

		x_d3d->close();

		delete x_d3d;

		x_d3d=0;

	}

}

bool XGraphics::frame()

{

	bool hr=render();

	return hr;

}

bool XGraphics::render()

{

	x_d3d->begin(0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,1.0f);//蓝色

	x_d3d->end();

	return true;

}

XWindows.h

#pragma once

//定义该宏可以降低windows头文件的大小，使编译器不编译一些不必要的文件，加快编译时间

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include <Windows.h>

#include "XGraphics.h"

#include "XInput.h"

//退出

static bool Xexit=false;

//全屏

static bool fullScreen=false;

class XWindow

{

private:

	//窗体类名字

	LPCWSTR m_applicationName;

	//实例句柄

	HINSTANCE m_hinstance;

	//窗体句柄

	HWND m_hwnd;

	int xwidth,xheight;

	//按键类

	XInput * x_input;

	//图形类

	XGraphics * x_graphics;

private:

	//初始化窗体

	void initWindows(int& screenWidth, int& screenHeight,LPCWSTR m_applicationName);

	//关闭窗体

	void closeWindows();

	//消息循环

	void runWindows();

public:

	//初始化全局

	virtual void init();

	//渲染

	virtual bool frame();

	//退出

	virtual void close();

	//消息函数

	LRESULT CALLBACK MessageHandler(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

};

//消息循环回调函数

static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

static XWindow * appXWindow=NULL;

void XWindow::close()

{

	if(x_input)

	{

		delete x_input;

		x_input=NULL;

	}

	if(x_graphics)

	{

		x_graphics->close();

		delete x_graphics;

		x_graphics=NULL;

	}

}

void XWindow::init()

{

	xwidth=500;

	xheight=400;

	x_input=new XInput;

	x_graphics=new XGraphics;

	//创建窗体

	initWindows(xwidth,xheight,L"Engine");

	//初始化键盘

	x_input->init();

	//初始化渲染

	x_graphics->init(xwidth,xheight,m_hwnd);

	//消息循环

	runWindows();

	//关闭窗体

	closeWindows();

}

bool XWindow::frame()

{

	//推断是否按下ESC键

	if(x_input->isKeyDown(VK_ESCAPE))

		return false;

	//開始渲染

	return x_graphics->frame();

}

void XWindow::initWindows(int& screenWidth, int& screenHeight,LPCWSTR m_applicationName)

{

	WNDCLASSEX wc;

	DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;

	int posX, posY;

	this->m_applicationName=m_applicationName;

	// 得到应用程序实例句柄

	m_hinstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);

	appXWindow=this;

	// 设置窗体类參数.

	wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; 

	wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc; //指定回调函数

	wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;

	wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;

	wc.hInstance     = m_hinstance;

	wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);

	wc.hIconSm       = wc.hIcon;

	wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); //默认黑色窗体黑色背景

	wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;

	wc.lpszClassName = m_applicationName;

	wc.cbSize        = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

	// 注冊窗体类

	RegisterClassEx(&wc);

	// 依据是否全屏设置不同的分辨率.

	if(fullScreen)

	{

		// 得到windows桌面分辨率

		screenWidth  = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);

		screenHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);

		//全屏模式下。设置窗体大小为windows桌面分辨率.

		memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings));

		dmScreenSettings.dmSize       = sizeof(dmScreenSettings);

		dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth  = (unsigned long)screenWidth;

		dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = (unsigned long)screenHeight;

		dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = 32;

		dmScreenSettings.dmFields     = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;

		// 暂时设置显示设备为全屏模式，注意：应用程序退出时候。将恢复系统默认设置。

ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN);

		// 设置窗体的左上角坐标位置为(0,0).

		posX = posY = 0;

	}

	else

	{

		// 窗体左上角坐标位置,posX, posY

		posX = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - screenWidth)  / 2;

		posY = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - screenHeight) / 2;

	}

	// 全屏和窗体使用不同的參数.

	if( fullScreen)

	{

		m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, m_applicationName, m_applicationName,

			WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_POPUP,

			posX, posY, screenWidth, screenHeight, NULL, NULL, m_hinstance, NULL);

	}

	else

	{

		m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, m_applicationName, m_applicationName,

			WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

			posX, posY, screenWidth, screenHeight, NULL, NULL, m_hinstance, NULL);

	}

	// 显示窗体并设置其为焦点.

	ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOW);

	SetForegroundWindow(m_hwnd);

	SetFocus(m_hwnd);

	// 隐藏鼠标.

	//ShowCursor(false);

}

void XWindow::runWindows()

{

	MSG msg;

	// 初始化消息结构.

	ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

	// 循环进行消息处理

	while(!Xexit)

	{

		// 处理windows消息.

		if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))

		{

			TranslateMessage(&msg);

			DispatchMessage(&msg);

		}

		// 接收到WM_QUIT消息，退出程序.

		if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)

		{

			Xexit=true;

		}

		else

		{

			//渲染

			Xexit=!frame();

		}

	}

	return;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT umessage, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)

{

	switch(umessage)

	{

		// 窗体销毁消息.

	case WM_DESTROY:

	case WM_CLOSE:

		{

			PostQuitMessage(0);

			return 0;

		}

		break;

		//MessageHandle过程处理其他全部消息.

	default:

		{

			return appXWindow->MessageHandler(hwnd, umessage, wparam, lparam);

		}

		break;

	} 

}

LRESULT CALLBACK XWindow::MessageHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT umsg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)

{

	switch(umsg)

	{

		// 检測按键消息.

	case WM_KEYDOWN:

		x_input->keyDown(wparam);

	    break;

	case WM_KEYUP:

		x_input->keyUp(wparam);

		break;

		//不论什么其他消息发送到windows缺省处理.

	default:

		{

			return DefWindowProc(hwnd, umsg, wparam, lparam);

		}

	}

	return 0;

}

void XWindow::closeWindows()

{

	//显示光标.

	//ShowCursor(true);

	// 恢复默认显示设置.

	if(fullScreen)

	{

		ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0);

	}

	//释放窗体句柄.

	DestroyWindow(m_hwnd);

	m_hwnd = NULL;

	// 释放应用程序实例.

	UnregisterClass(m_applicationName, m_hinstance);

	m_hinstance = NULL;

	appXWindow=NULL;

	return;

}

XInput.h

#pragma once

class XInput

{

public:

	void init();

	void keyDown(unsigned int);

	void keyUp(unsigned int);

	bool isKeyDown(unsigned int);

private:

	bool x_keys[256];

};

void XInput::init()

{

	int i;

	// 初始全部的键都是非按下状态.

	for(i=0; i<256; i++)

	{

		x_keys[i] = false;

	}

	return;

}

void XInput::keyDown(unsigned int input)

{

	//键被按下.

	x_keys[input] = true;

	return;

}

void XInput::keyUp(unsigned int input)

{

	//键被按下.

	x_keys[input] = false;

	return;

}

bool XInput::isKeyDown(unsigned int key)

{

	// 推断键是否被按下？

	return x_keys[key];

}

XMain.cpp

#include "XWindow.h"

//入口

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR pScmdline, int iCmdshow)

{

	XWindow *xwindow=new XWindow;

	xwindow->init(); //初始化

	xwindow->close();

	delete xwindow;

	return 0;

}

XD3Device.h

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">#pragma once

#pragma comment(lib, "dxgi.lib")

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")

#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")

#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")

#include <dxgi.h>

#include <d3dcommon.h>

#include <d3d11.h>

#include <d3dx10math.h>

#include <xnamath.h>

class XD3Device

{

public:

	XD3Device();

	//3D设备全部初始化

	bool init(int, int, bool, HWND, bool, float, float);

	//关闭设备

	void close();

	//開始渲染设备

	void begin(float, float, float, float);

	//显示到前景

	void end();

public:

	bool m_vsync_enabled; //是否启用垂直同步

	IDXGISwapChain* m_swapChain; //交换链对象

	ID3D11Device* m_device;  //设备对象

	ID3D11DeviceContext* m_deviceContext; //设备上下文对象

	ID3D11RenderTargetView* m_renderTargetView; //渲染目标视图

	ID3D11Texture2D* m_depthStencilBuffer; //深度模板缓冲

	ID3D11DepthStencilState* m_depthStencilState; //深度磨成状态

	ID3D11DepthStencilView* m_depthStencilView; //深度目标视图

	ID3D11RasterizerState* m_rasterState; //光栅化状态

	D3DXMATRIX m_projectionMatrix; //投影矩阵

	D3DXMATRIX m_worldMatrix;//世界坐标系矩阵

	D3DXMATRIX m_orthoMatrix;//正交投影矩阵

};

void XD3Device::begin(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)

{

	float color[]={red,green,blue,alpha};

	//清除后缓冲.

	m_deviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(m_renderTargetView, color);

	//清除深度缓冲.

	m_deviceContext->ClearDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0);

}

void XD3Device::end()

{

	//渲染完毕后。把后缓冲内容present到前缓冲

	if(m_vsync_enabled)

	{

		// 锁定屏幕刷新率.

		m_swapChain->Present(1, 0);

	}

	else

	{

		// 尽可能快的present后缓冲.

		m_swapChain->Present(0, 0);

	}

}

void XD3Device::close()

{

	// 释放交换链资源前。先设置为窗体模式，否则可能会产生异常.

	if(m_swapChain)

	{

		m_swapChain->SetFullscreenState(false, NULL);

	}

	if(m_rasterState)

	{

		m_rasterState->Release();

		m_rasterState = 0;

	}

	if(m_depthStencilView)

	{

		m_depthStencilView->Release();

		m_depthStencilView = 0;

	}

	if(m_depthStencilState)

	{

		m_depthStencilState->Release();

		m_depthStencilState = 0;

	}

	if(m_depthStencilBuffer)

	{

		m_depthStencilBuffer->Release();

		m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;

	}

	if(m_renderTargetView)

	{

		m_renderTargetView->Release();

		m_renderTargetView = 0;

	}

	if(m_deviceContext)

	{

		m_deviceContext->Release();

		m_deviceContext = 0;

	}

	if(m_device)

	{

		m_device->Release();

		m_device = 0;

	}

	if(m_swapChain)

	{

		m_swapChain->Release();

		m_swapChain = 0;

	}

}

XD3Device::XD3Device()

{

	m_swapChain = 0;

	m_device = 0;

	m_deviceContext = 0;

	m_renderTargetView = 0;

	m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;

	m_depthStencilState = 0;

	m_depthStencilView = 0;

	m_rasterState = 0;

}

//Initialize函数包括完毕D3D设置的全部代码。

bool XD3Device::init(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool fullscreen,

						  float screenDepth, float screenNear)

{

	HRESULT result;

	IDXGIFactory* factory;

	IDXGIAdapter* adapter;

	IDXGIOutput* adapterOutput;

	unsigned int numModes, i, stringLength;

	DXGI_MODE_DESC* displayModeList;

	DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;

	int error;

	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;

	ID3D11Texture2D* backBufferPtr;

	D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthBufferDesc;

	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc;

	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc;

	D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterDesc;

	D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;

	float fieldOfView, screenAspect;

	// 保存垂直同步设置

	m_vsync_enabled = vsync;

	// 初始化交换链描写叙述

	ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(swapChainDesc));

	//MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could 2", L"Error", MB_OK);

	// 用1个后缓冲

	swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;

	//帧缓冲的大小和应用程序窗体大小相等.

	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;

	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;

	// 后缓冲的surface的格式为DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM.

	// surface的每一个像素用4个无符号的8bit[映射到0-1]来表示。

NORM表示归一化。

	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;

	// 假设使用垂直同步，设置后缓冲的刷新率。.

	//刷新率就是一秒钟把后缓冲内容在屏幕上画出的次数。

//假设开启垂直同步，则锁定刷新率，则fps是固定的

	if(m_vsync_enabled)

	{

		swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;

		swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;

	}

	else

	{

		swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;

		swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;

	}

	// 设置后缓冲的用途

	// 我们的渲染目标缓冲为后缓冲。

	swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;

	// 后缓冲输出的窗体句柄.

	swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;

	// 不使用多重採样

	swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

	swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;

	// 设置全屏或者窗体模式.

	if(fullscreen)

	{

		swapChainDesc.Windowed = false;

	}

	else

	{

		swapChainDesc.Windowed = true;

	}

	//MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could 1", L"Error", MB_OK);

	// 设定扫描线ordering以及缩放为unspecified.

	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;

	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;

	// 后缓冲内容呈现到屏幕后。放弃其内容

	swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;

	//不设置标志

	swapChainDesc.Flags = 0;

	// 设置feature level为D3D11

	// 假设显卡不支持D3D11,我们可以通过设置这个參数，使用D3D10,或者9.

	//featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1;

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] =

	{

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,

	};

	UINT numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE( featureLevels );

	// 创建交换链，设备以及设备上下文.

	result = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 0, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels,

		D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &m_swapChain, &m_device, NULL, &m_deviceContext);

	//MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could 1", L"Error", MB_OK);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	// 得到交换链中的后缓冲指针.

	result = m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&backBufferPtr);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	// 用后缓冲创建渲染目标视图.

	result = m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBufferPtr, NULL, &m_renderTargetView);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	//释放后缓冲.(引用计数减1)

	backBufferPtr->Release();

	backBufferPtr = 0;

	// 初始化深度缓冲描写叙述.

	ZeroMemory(&depthBufferDesc, sizeof(depthBufferDesc));

	//设置深度缓冲描写叙述

	depthBufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;

	depthBufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;

	depthBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1;//对于深度缓冲为1

	depthBufferDesc.ArraySize = 1;//对于深度缓冲为1。对于纹理，这2个參数有很多其它用途

	depthBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;

	depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

	depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;

	depthBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	depthBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;

	depthBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	depthBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;

	// 创建深度缓冲.

	result = m_device->CreateTexture2D(&depthBufferDesc, NULL, &m_depthStencilBuffer);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	// 初始化深度模版状态描写叙述.

	ZeroMemory(&depthStencilDesc, sizeof(depthStencilDesc));

	// 设置深度模版状态描写叙述.

	depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = true;

	depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;//D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ZERO禁止写深度缓冲

	depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;

	depthStencilDesc.StencilEnable = true;

	depthStencilDesc.StencilReadMask = 0xFF;

	depthStencilDesc.StencilWriteMask = 0xFF;

	// 对于front face 像素使用的模版操作操作.

	depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;

	depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_INCR;

	depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;

	depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;

	// 对于back face像素使用的模版操作模式.

	depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;

	depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_DECR;

	depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;

	depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;

	// 创建深度模版状态，使其生效

	result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc, &m_depthStencilState);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	// 设置深度模版状态.

	m_deviceContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(m_depthStencilState, 1);

	// 初始化深度模版视图.

	ZeroMemory(&depthStencilViewDesc, sizeof(depthStencilViewDesc));

	// 设置深度模版视图描写叙述.

	depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;

	depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;

	depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;

	// 创建深度模版视图.

	result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilBuffer, &depthStencilViewDesc, &m_depthStencilView);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	// 绑定渲染目标视图和深度缓冲到渲染管线.

	m_deviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &m_renderTargetView, m_depthStencilView);

	// 设置光栅化描写叙述，指定多边形怎样被渲染.

	rasterDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false;

	rasterDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK;

	rasterDesc.DepthBias = 0;

	rasterDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0.0f;

	rasterDesc.DepthClipEnable = true;

	rasterDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;

	rasterDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;

	rasterDesc.MultisampleEnable = false;

	rasterDesc.ScissorEnable = false;

	rasterDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0.0f;

	// 创建光栅化状态

	result = m_device->CreateRasterizerState(&rasterDesc, &m_rasterState);

	if(FAILED(result))

	{

		return false;

	}

	//设置光栅化状态，使其生效

	m_deviceContext->RSSetState(m_rasterState);

	// 设置视口，显示全部后缓冲内容

	viewport.Width = (float)screenWidth;

	viewport.Height = (float)screenHeight;

	viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;

	viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;

	viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;

	viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;

	// 创建视口

	m_deviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);

	// 设置透视投影矩阵

	fieldOfView = (float)D3DX_PI / 4.0f;

	screenAspect = (float)screenWidth / (float)screenHeight;

	// 创建透视投影矩阵.

	D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&m_projectionMatrix, fieldOfView, screenAspect, screenNear, screenDepth);

	//初始化world矩阵为单位矩阵.

	//该矩阵实现局部坐标到世界坐标的转换

	D3DXMatrixIdentity(&m_worldMatrix);

	// 创建正交投影矩阵，主要用来实施2D渲染.

	D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&m_orthoMatrix, (float)screenWidth, (float)screenHeight, screenNear, screenDepth);

	return true;

}

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