HotSpot类模型之ArrayKlass

上一篇分析了 HotSpot类模型之InstanceKlass ,这次主要分析表示java数组类型的C++类。

1、ArrayKlass

ArrayKlass继承自Klass,是所有数组类的抽象基类,类及重要属性的定义如下:  

class ArrayKlass: public Klass {
  ...
 private:
  int               _dimension;         // This is n'th-dimensional array.
  Klass* volatile   _higher_dimension;  // Refers the (n+1)'th-dimensional array (if present).
  Klass* volatile   _lower_dimension;   // Refers the (n-1)'th-dimensional array (if present).
  int               _vtable_len;        // size of vtable for this klass
  oop               _component_mirror;  // component type, as a java/lang/Class
  ...
}

在Klass的基础上增加的属性如下表所示。

字段 作用
_dimension int类型,表示数组的维度,记为n
_higher_dimension Klass指针,表示对n+1维数组Klass的引用
_lower_dimension Klass指针,表示对n-1维数组Klass的引用
_vtable_len int类型, 虚函数表的长度
_component_mirror oop, 数组元素对应的java.lang.Class对象的Oop

_vtable_len的值为5,因为数组是引用类型,父类为Object类,而Object类中有5个虚方法可被用来继承和重写,如下:

void          finalize()
boolean       equals(Object)
String        toString()
int           hashCode()
Object        clone()

 _dimension、_higher_dimension与_lower_dimension对于一维及多维数组的描述非常重要,属性值的设置相对简单,这里不在介绍。

2、ArrayKlass类的子类

(1)TypeArrayKlass类

TypeArrayKlass是ArrayKlass的子类,用于表示数组元素是基本类型的数组

class TypeArrayKlass : public ArrayKlass {
  ...
 private:
  jint _max_length;  // maximum number of elements allowed in an array
  ...
}

 _max_length表示该数组允许的最大长度。

数组类和普通类不同,数组类没有对应的Class文件,所以数组类是直接被虚拟机创建的。HotSpot在初始化时就会创建好8个基本类型的一维数组对象TypeArrayKlass。之前在讲解HotSpot启动时讲到过,调用initializeJVM()方法初始化HotSpot,这个方法会最终调用到Universe::genesis()方法,在这个方法中初始化基本类型的一维数组对象TypeArrayKlass。例如初始化boolean类型的一维数组,调用语句如下: 

_boolArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);

其中_boolArrayKlassObj是声明在universe.cpp文件中的全局变量,如下:

Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj = NULL;

调用TypeArrayKlass::create_klass()方法创建TypeArrayKlass对象,具体就是调用TypeArrayKlass::create_klass()方法来完成,方法的实现如下:

TypeArrayKlass* TypeArrayKlass::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, BasicType type, Symbol* name, TRAPS) {

  int x = TypeArrayKlass::header_size();
  int size = ArrayKlass::static_size(x);
  // 调用的构造函数在下面
  return new (loader_data, size, THREAD) TypeArrayKlass(type, name);
}

非常类似于InstanceKlass等对象的创建,首先获取需要内存的大小size,然后通过重载new运算符完成对象内存分配后,调用TypeArrayKlass的构造函数初始化一些属性。

TypeArrayKlass的header_size()及static_size()函数的实现如下:

static int header_size(){
	  int k = sizeof(TypeArrayKlass);
	  return k/HeapWordSize;
}

int ArrayKlass::static_size(int header_size) {
  // size of an array klass object
  assert(header_size <= InstanceKlass::header_size(), "bad header size");
  // If this assert fails, see comments in base_create_array_klass.
  header_size = InstanceKlass::header_size();  // 为什么是InstanceKlass的大小??看ArrayKlass::start_of_vtable()函数有说明
  int vtable_len = Universe::base_vtable_size(); //  值为5

  int size = header_size + align_object_offset(vtable_len); // 对vtable_len进行对齐操作

  return align_object_size(size);
}

static int header_size(){
   return align_object_offset(sizeof(InstanceKlass)/HeapWordSize);
}

注意header_size属性的值应该是TypeArrayKlass这个类自身占用的内存大小,但是现在却取的是InstanceKlass这个类自身占用内存的大小。这是因为InstanceKlass占用内存大小比TypeArrayKlass大,有足够内存存放相关数据,更重要的是为了统一从固定的偏移位置取出vtable_len属性的值。这样在实际操作过程中,无需关心是数组还是类,都直接偏移固定位置后取vtable_len属性值即可。 

TypeArrayKlass的构造函数如下:

TypeArrayKlass::TypeArrayKlass(BasicType type, Symbol* name) : ArrayKlass(name) {
  int lh = array_layout_helper(type);
  set_layout_helper(lh);
  assert(oop_is_array(), "sanity");
  assert(oop_is_typeArray(), "sanity");

  set_max_length(arrayOopDesc::max_array_length(type)); // 设置数组的最大长度
  ...
}

下面详细介绍一下对_layout_helper属性的设置。调用Klass::array_layout_helper()方法获取_layout_helper属性的值

jint Klass::array_layout_helper(BasicType etype) {
  assert(etype >= T_BOOLEAN && etype <= T_OBJECT, "valid etype");
  // Note that T_ARRAY is not allowed here.
  int  hsize = arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(etype); // hsize表示数组元素的对象头部大小
  int  esize = type2aelembytes(etype); // 对应类型存储所需要的字节数
  bool isobj = (etype == T_OBJECT);
  int  tag   =  isobj ? _lh_array_tag_obj_value : _lh_array_tag_type_value;
  int  esz = exact_log2(esize);
  int  lh = array_layout_helper(tag, hsize, etype, esz);
  

  return lh;
}

关于_layout_helper在之前已经介绍过,由于T_BOOLEAN为基本类型,所以tag的值取0xC0;hsize调用arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()方法获取,值为16,后面在讲解arrayOopDesc时会介绍,数组对象其实是由对象头、对象字段数据和对齐填充组成,而这里获取的就是对象头的大小;esize表示对应类型存储所需要的字节数,对于T_BOOLEAN来说,只需要1个字节即可,所以esz为0。最后调用array_layout_helper()方法按照约定组合成一个int类型的数字即可。array_layout_helper()方法的实现如下:

 static jint array_layout_helper(jint tag, int hsize, BasicType etype, int log2_esize) {
    return (tag        << _lh_array_tag_shift)          // 左移30位
      |    (hsize      << _lh_header_size_shift)        // 左移16位
      |    ((int)etype << _lh_element_type_shift)       // 左移1位
      |    (log2_esize << _lh_log2_element_size_shift); // 左移0位
  }

另外还有对_component_mirror属性的设置。对于一维基本类型的数组来说,这个值是java.lang.Class对象。Class对象使用oop对象来表示,调用java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror()方法获取_component_mirror属性的值,通过java_lang_Class::create_mirror()方法完成属性的设置。例如获取boolean类型的属性值,调用语句如下:

void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
   ...
   _bool_mirror = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
   ...
}

方法create_basic_type_mirror()的实现如下:

oop java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(const char* basic_type_name, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
  // This should be improved by adding a field at the Java level or by
  // introducing a new VM klass (see comment in ClassFileParser)
  oop java_class = InstanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass())->allocate_instance(NULL, CHECK_0);
  if (type != T_VOID) {
      Klass* aklass = Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);
      assert(aklass != NULL, "correct bootstrap");
      set_array_klass(java_class, aklass); // 设置表示基本类型数组的TypeArrayKlass的
  }
  return java_class;
}

通过InstanceMirrorKlass对象(表示java.lang.Class类)来创建oop(表示java.lang.Class对象),_component_mirror最终设置的就是这个oop。引用类型组成的一维或多维数组的基本元素可以使用Klass对象来表示,如对于下面即将要介绍的Object[]来说,元素类型为Object,所以可以使用InstanceKlass来表示;基本类型组成的一维或多维数组的基本元素没有对应的Klass对象,所以只能使用Class对象来描述boolean、int等类型,这样就会与表示Class对象的oop对象产生关系,相关属性最终的值如下所示。

TypeArrayKlass._component_mirror=oop

oop._array_klass_offset=TypeArrayKlass

oop表示java.lang.Class对象,用来描述Java类(包括数组类),而TypeArrayKlass也用来描述Java类(包括数组类),那么2者之间必须会的联系。可以通过_component_mirror属性(和_array_klass_offset属性找到对方,属性的设置过程在在java_lang_Class::create_mirror()函数中进行。

其它的属性设置很简单,这里不在介绍。 

(2)ObjArrayKlass类

ObjArrayKlass是ArrayKlass的子类,用于表示数组元素是类或者数组

class ObjArrayKlass : public ArrayKlass {
  ...
 private:
  Klass* _element_klass;            // The klass of the elements of this array type
  Klass* _bottom_klass;             // The one-dimensional type (InstanceKlass or TypeArrayKlass)
  ...
}

该类新增了2个属性,如下:

  •  _element_klass:数组元素对应的Klass对象,如果是多维数组,对应数组元素的ObjArrayKlass对象
  •  _bottom_klass:一维数组的类型,可以是InstanceKlass或者TypeArrayKlass。一维基本类型数组为TypeArrayKlass,而二维基本类型数组就会使用ObjArrayKlass来表示,所以其_bottom_klass会是TypeArrayKlass。 

HotSpot在Universe::genesis()方法中创建Object数组,如下: 

InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
_objectArrayKlassObj = ik->array_klass(1, CHECK); // 调用表示Object类的InstanceKlass类的array_klass()方法

调用array_klass()方法时传递的参数1表示创建一维数组。调用表示Object类的InstanceKlass对象的方法创建的,所以Object数组的创建要依赖于InstanceKlass对象(表示Object类)进行创建。

传递的参数1表示创建Object的一维数组类型,array_klass()函数及调用的相关函数的实现如下:

// array class with specific rank
Klass* array_klass(int rank, TRAPS)         {
	  return array_klass_impl(false, rank, THREAD);
}

Klass* InstanceKlass::array_klass_impl(bool or_null, int n, TRAPS) {
  instanceKlassHandle  this_oop(THREAD, this);
  return array_klass_impl(this_oop, or_null, n, THREAD);
}

Klass* InstanceKlass::array_klass_impl(instanceKlassHandle this_oop, bool or_null, int n, TRAPS) {
  if (this_oop->array_klasses() == NULL) { // 获取_array_klasses属性的值
    if (or_null){
    	return NULL;
    }
    ResourceMark rm;
    JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)THREAD;
    {
      // Atomic creation of array_klasses
      MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock, THREAD);   // for vtables
      MutexLocker ma(MultiArray_lock, THREAD);
      // Check if update has already taken place
      if (this_oop->array_klasses() == NULL) {
    	 ClassLoaderData* CLD = this_oop->class_loader_data();
         Klass*  k = ObjArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass(CLD, 1, this_oop, CHECK_NULL);
         this_oop->set_array_klasses(k); // 设置InstanceKlass::_array_klasses属性的值
      }
    }
  }
  // _this will always be set at this point
  ObjArrayKlass* oak = (ObjArrayKlass*)this_oop->array_klasses(); // 获取InstanceKlass::_array_klasses属性的值
  if (or_null) {
    return oak->array_klass_or_null(n);
  }
  return oak->array_klass(n, CHECK_NULL); // 在创建出一维的引用类型数组后,接着创建n维的引用类型数组
}

首次创建ObjTypeKlass时,InstanceKlass::_array_klasses属性的值为NULL,这样就会调用objArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass()函数,创建出一维的引用类型数组并保存到了InstanceKlass::_array_klasses属性中。有了一维的引用类型数组后就可以接着调用array_klass()方法创建n维的引用类型数组了。

(1)创建一维引用类型数组ObjArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass()

Klass* ObjArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass(
	ClassLoaderData*   loader_data,
	int                n,
	KlassHandle        element_klass,
	TRAPS
) {
  // Eagerly allocate the direct array supertype.
  KlassHandle  super_klass = KlassHandle();
  if (!Universe::is_bootstrapping() || SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
    KlassHandle element_super (THREAD, element_klass->super());
    if (element_super.not_null()) { // element_super是Object,Object的父类是null
      // The element type has a direct super.  E.g., String[] has direct super of Object[].
      super_klass = KlassHandle(THREAD, element_super->array_klass_or_null());
      bool supers_exist = super_klass.not_null();
      // Also, see if the element has secondary supertypes.
      // We need an array type for each.
      Array<Klass*>* element_supers = element_klass->secondary_supers();
      for( int i = element_supers->length()-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
        Klass* elem_super = element_supers->at(i);
        if (elem_super->array_klass_or_null() == NULL) {
            supers_exist = false;
            break;
        }
      }
      if (!supers_exist) {
        // Oops.  Not allocated yet.  Back out, allocate it, and retry.
        KlassHandle ek;
        {
          MutexUnlocker mu(MultiArray_lock);
          MutexUnlocker mc(Compile_lock);   // for vtables
          Klass* sk = element_super->array_klass(CHECK_0);
          super_klass = KlassHandle(THREAD, sk);
          for( int i = element_supers->length()-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
              KlassHandle  elem_super(THREAD, element_supers->at(i));
              elem_super->array_klass(CHECK_0);
          }
          // Now retry from the beginning
          Klass* klass_oop = element_klass->array_klass(n, CHECK_0);
          // Create a handle because the enclosing brace, when locking
          // can cause a gc.  Better to have this function return a Handle.
          ek = KlassHandle(THREAD, klass_oop);
        }  // re-lock
        return ek();
      }
    } else { // element_super不是Object
        // The element type is already Object.  Object[] has direct super of Object.
        super_klass = KlassHandle(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
    }
  }

  // Create type name for klass.
  Symbol* name = NULL;
  if ( !element_klass->oop_is_instance() ||
       (name = InstanceKlass::cast(element_klass())->array_name()) == NULL
  ){
    ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
    char *name_str = element_klass->name()->as_C_string();
    int len = element_klass->name()->utf8_length();
    char *new_str = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len + 4);
    int idx = 0;
    new_str[idx++] = '[';
    if (element_klass->oop_is_instance()) { // it could be an array or simple type
       new_str[idx++] = 'L';
    }
    memcpy(&new_str[idx], name_str, len * sizeof(char));
    idx += len;
    if (element_klass->oop_is_instance()) {
       new_str[idx++] = ';';
    }
    new_str[idx++] = '\0';
    name = SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(new_str, CHECK_0);
    if (element_klass->oop_is_instance()) {
      InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(element_klass());
      ik->set_array_name(name);// 设置InstanceKlass::_array_name的属性
    }
  }

  // Initialize instance variables
  ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::allocate(loader_data, n, element_klass, name, CHECK_0);

  // Add all classes to our internal class loader list here,
  // including classes in the bootstrap (NULL) class loader.
  // GC walks these as strong roots.
  loader_data->add_class(oak);

  // Call complete_create_array_klass after all instance variables has been initialized.
  ArrayKlass::complete_create_array_klass(oak, super_klass, CHECK_0);

  return oak;
}

调用的 ObjArrayKlass::allocate()函数的实现如下:

ObjArrayKlass* ObjArrayKlass::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int n, KlassHandle klass_handle, Symbol* name, TRAPS) {
  assert(ObjArrayKlass::header_size() <= InstanceKlass::header_size(),"array klasses must be same size as InstanceKlass");
  int x = ObjArrayKlass::header_size();
  int size = ArrayKlass::static_size(x);

  return new (loader_data, size, THREAD) ObjArrayKlass(n, klass_handle, name);
}

int ArrayKlass::static_size(int header_size) {
  // size of an array klass object
  assert(header_size <= InstanceKlass::header_size(), "bad header size");
  // If this assert fails, see comments in base_create_array_klass.
  header_size = InstanceKlass::header_size();  // 为什么是InstanceKlass的大小??看ArrayKlass::start_of_vtable()函数有说明
  int    vtable_len = Universe::base_vtable_size(); //  值为5
  int    size = header_size + align_object_offset(vtable_len); // 对vtable_len进行对齐操作
  return align_object_size(size);
}

ArrayKlass::complete_create_array_klass()函数的实现如下:

// Initialization of vtables and mirror object is done separatly from base_create_array_klass,
// since a GC can happen. At this point all instance variables of the ArrayKlass must be setup.
void ArrayKlass::complete_create_array_klass(ArrayKlass* k, KlassHandle super_klass, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

  Klass*  curr_superklass = super_klass(); // super_klass是个参数,类型为KlassHandle
  k->initialize_supers(curr_superklass, CHECK);

  klassVtable* kv = k->vtable();
  kv->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK); // 会初始化当前Klass的vtable(含有_length个vtableEntry)

  java_lang_Class::create_mirror(k, Handle(NULL), CHECK);
}

调用initialize_vtalbe()完成虚函数表的初始化,调用java_lang_Class::create_mirror()函数完成当前ObjTypeArray对象对应的java.lang.Class对象的创建并设置了相关属性。

(2)创建n维引用类型数组ObjArrayKlass::array_klass()

Klass* ObjArrayKlass::array_klass_impl(bool or_null, int n, TRAPS) {

  assert(dimension() <= n, "check order of chain");
  int dim = dimension();
  if (dim == n)
	  return this;

  if (higher_dimension() == NULL) {
    if (or_null)
    	return NULL;

    ResourceMark rm;
    JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)THREAD;
    {
      MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock, THREAD);   // for vtables
      // Ensure atomic creation of higher dimensions
      MutexLocker mu(MultiArray_lock, THREAD);

      // Check if another thread beat us
      if (higher_dimension() == NULL) {

        // Create multi-dim klass object and link them together
        Klass* k = ObjArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass(class_loader_data(), dim + 1, this, CHECK_NULL);
        ObjArrayKlass* ak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
        ak->set_lower_dimension(this);
        OrderAccess::storestore();
        set_higher_dimension(ak);
        assert(ak->oop_is_objArray(), "incorrect initialization of ObjArrayKlass");
      }
    }
  } else {
    CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS_ONLY(Thread::current()->clear_unhandled_oops());
  }


  ObjArrayKlass *ak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(higher_dimension());
  if (or_null) {
    return ak->array_klass_or_null(n);
  }
  return ak->array_klass(n, CHECK_NULL);
}

Klass* ObjArrayKlass::array_klass_impl(bool or_null, TRAPS) {
  return array_klass_impl(or_null, dimension() +  1, CHECK_NULL);
}

最终表示Object类的InstanceKlass与表示一维数组Object[]的ObjArrayKlass之间的相关属性如下:

ObjArrayKlass._element_klass=InstanceKlass
ObjArrayKlass._bottom_klass=InstanceKlass 

InstanceKlass._array_name="[Ljava/lang/Object;"
InstanceKlass._array_klasses=ObjArrayKlass

ObjArrayKlass中其它的属性设置也并不复杂,这里不在介绍。

其它参考文章:

1、在Ubuntu 16.04上编译OpenJDK8的源代码(配视频)  

2、调试HotSpot源代码(配视频)

3、HotSpot项目结构

4、HotSpot的启动过程(配视频进行源码分析)

5、HotSpot源码分析之C++对象的内存布局

6、HotSpot源码分析之类模型

7、HotSpot类模型之InstanceKlass

搭建过程中如果有问题可直接评论留言或加作者微信mazhimazh。

作者持续维护的个人博客  classloading.com

B站上有HotSpot源码分析相关视频 https://space.bilibili.com/27533329

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HotSpot类模型之ArrayKlass  

 

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