修改oracle字符集
方法/步骤
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oracle数据库的字符集更改
A、oracle server 端 字符集查询
select userenv('language') from dual
其中NLS_CHARACTERSET 为server端字符集
NLS_LANGUAGE 为 server端字符显示形式
B、查询oracle client端的字符集
$echo $NLS_LANG
如果发现你select 出来的数据是乱码，请把client端的字符集配置成与linux操作系统相同的字符集。如果还是有乱码，则有可能是数据库中的数据存在问题，或者是oracle服务端的配置存在问题。
C、server端字符集修改
*****************************************************************
* 更改字符集步骤方法(WE8ISO8859P1 --> ZHS16GBK) *
*****************************************************************
SQL>
将数据库启动到RESTRICTED模式下做字符集更改：
cmd命令，如下：
（密码部分为格式为：123456@orcl3 as sysdba;)回车。
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
略
19 rows selected.
重启检查是否更改完成：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
略
19 rows selected.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
D、client端字符集修改
在 /home/oracle与 /root用户目录下的.bash_profile中
添加或修改 export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8" 语句
关闭当前ssh窗口。
（本人在这部分没试过，更改环境变量应该就要可以了，即在环境变量中NLS_LANG：WE8ISO8859P1）
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------注意：在startup mount 可能会报：qlplus:ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descri
这时要在服务端的listener.ora文件中加入以下红色部分，注意修改相应的参数值，如下：SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME =C:\app\letto\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = myorcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\letto\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = myorcl)
)
)