安装docker

sudo apt-get install docker.io

创建文件目录

mkdir docker-images

修改本地存储路径

# 查看服务状态
sudo systemctl status docker

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-05-02 04:56:41 UTC; 11min ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
       Docs: https://docs.docker.com
   Main PID: 28511 (dockerd)
      Tasks: 12
     CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
             └─28511 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

May 02 04:56:39 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:39.992738149Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support CPU realtime scheduler"
May 02 04:56:39 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:39.992763389Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
May 02 04:56:39 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:39.992787055Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
May 02 04:56:39 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:39.993370353Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
May 02 04:56:40 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:40.599575280Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address"
May 02 04:56:40 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:40.918501020Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
May 02 04:56:41 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:41.068450159Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit="20.10.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.2" graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=20.10.2
May 02 04:56:41 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:41.069034679Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
May 02 04:56:41 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
May 02 04:56:41 ubuntu dockerd[28511]: time="2021-05-02T04:56:41.210015399Z" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
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View Code

# 编辑服务文件
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
# 添加 --graph="/data/docker-images"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --graph="/data/docker-images" -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

重启服务

systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

使用国内镜像服务器

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
# 添加以下内容（网易镜像仓库）
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
  ]
}

测试

sudo docker pull ubuntu

查看镜像是否下载到/data/docker-images

sudo du -d 1 -h

结果如下：

4.0K    ./swarm
4.0K    ./tmp
4.0K    ./trust
88K     ./buildkit
40K     ./network
72M     ./overlay2
332K    ./image
16K     ./plugins
4.0K    ./runtimes
4.0K    ./containers
28K     ./volumes
72M     .

修改用户权限，docker指令不需要sudo

sudo gpasswd -a ubuntu docker
sudo newgrp docker
sudo systemctl restart docker