一对多在现实生活中很常见，今天做了个Hibernate的一对多的实例，也是个入门过程，写下来跟大家分享。
最重要的是xml配置文件，之前因为把英文"（引号）错误的复制成中文的“”（引号），导致后面编译各种出问题，排查了好久，也百度了各种博客，最后发现是引号的问题。
在现实生活中，部门和员工的关系属于一对多的，一个部门有多个员工，一个员工属于一个部门。
第一步，创建Java工程，名字为HibernateMapping，把Hibernate的jar包和sql server的jar包（或者mysql的jar包）导入进来，并创建Employee，Department实体类和xml配置文件。目录结构和hibernate包如下：
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" alt="" />
第二步，编辑Employee和Department实体类，代码如下：
package cn.hibernate.onetomany;
public class Employee {
private int empNo;//工号
private String empName;//姓名
private Department dep;//部门
public int getEmpNo() {
return empNo;
}
public void setEmpNo(int empNo) {
this.empNo = empNo;
}
public String getEmpName() {
return empName;
}
public void setEmpName(String empName) {
this.empName = empName;
}
public Department getDep() {
return dep;
}
public void setDep(Department dep) {
this.dep = dep;
}
public Employee(int empNo, String empName, Department dep) {
this.empNo = empNo;
this.empName = empName;
this.dep = dep;
}
public Employee(){
}
}
Employee.java
package cn.hibernate.onetomany; import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set; public class Department {
private int depId;//部门号
private String depName;//部门名
private Set<Employee> emps = new HashSet<Employee>();
public int getDepId() {
return depId;
}
public void setDepId(int depId) {
this.depId = depId;
}
public String getDepName() {
return depName;
}
public void setDepName(String depName) {
this.depName = depName;
}
public Set<Employee> getEmps() {
return emps;
}
public void setEmps(Set<Employee> emps) {
this.emps = emps;
} public Department(int depId, String depName, Set<Employee> emps) {
this.depId = depId;
this.depName = depName;
this.emps = emps;
} public Department(){ }
}
Department.java
两个实体类的代码要注意的是它们要有属性的get和set方法，而且在部门类中有员工的集合，员工类中有部门的属性。
第三步，编辑hibernate的核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml，代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory> <property name="hibernate.connection.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect
<!--mysql的方言:org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect-->
</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
<!--mysql的驱动:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver-->
</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">
jdbc:sqlserver://10.86.57.121:1433;DatabaseName=HibernateDemo;
<!--mysql的数据库:jdbc:mysql:///hibernate_demo-->
</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa<!--mysql的登录名:root --></property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property> <!--
<property name=“hibernate.show_sql”>true</property>
<property name=“hibernate.format_sql”>true</property>
<property name=“hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto”>create</property>
-->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <mapping resource="cn/hibernate/onetomany/department.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="cn/hibernate/onetomany/employee.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
hibernate.cfg.xml
这个配置文件很重要，我出的各种问题都在这里，比如中文引号和约束文件：
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
有的博客写的是http://www.hibernate.org/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd什么的，结果导致hibernate无法加载，所以还是用http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd更靠谱
第四步，编辑hibernate的映射文件，代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>
<class name="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Employee" table="t_emp">
<id name="empNo" column="empNo">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id> <property name="empName"></property>
<!-- name是一的一方的属性，即在Employee.java中定义的private Department那个变量
column是外键，这个要跟另一个映射文件的外键一致
-->
<many-to-one name="dep" column="dep_emp_id" class="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Department"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>
<class name="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Department" table="t_dep">
<id name="depId" column="depId" type="int">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id> <property name="depName"></property>
<!-- name是多的一方的属性，即在Department.java中定义的private Set<Employee>那个变量 -->
<set name="emps">
<!-- column是外键，和另一个映射文件的外键对应 -->
<key column="dep_emp_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Employee"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
department.hbm.xml
这两个配置文件也很重要，而且比较难理解，一定要注意谁是多的一方，谁是一的一方
第五步，编写测试程序MainTest.java，代码如下：
package cn.hibernate.onetomany; import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test; public class MainTest {
@Test
public void test(){
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = null; session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Department dep = new Department();
dep.setDepName("Waijiao");
Employee em1 = new Employee();
Employee em2 = new Employee();
em1.setEmpName("Wangyi");
em2.setEmpName("Huachunying"); dep.getEmps().add(em1);
dep.getEmps().add(em2);
em1.setDep(dep);
em2.setDep(dep); session.save(dep);
session.save(em1);
session.save(em2); System.out.println("Add Success!");
tx.commit();
}
}
MainTest.java
这个是测试，也可以写成main主函数，但是那样要有捕获异常以及事务回滚等操作。
最后，Run as JUnit Test，再查看数据库，新建了t_dep和t_emp表，查询两个表的结果，都已经更新完成。
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" 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外交部，里面有我们酷酷的王毅部长和亲爱的华春莹，中国必强~
欢迎大家留言讨论