上一篇粗略讲了下jvm的启动过程，但很多路子还没跑通。其中非常核心的，加载vm的过程。这个可以在hotspot中找到端倪。但java启动，还有几个线程可以看看。
1. main类的载入
在java.c中，我们可以看到一个JavaMain方法，不知从何而来，但很像是直接加载java入口的方法。
// share/bin/java.c
// 加载 main 函数类
// 通过引入 JavaMain(), 接入java方法
// #define JNICALL __stdcall
int JNICALL
JavaMain(void * _args)
{
JavaMainArgs *args = (JavaMainArgs *)_args;
int argc = args->argc;
char **argv = args->argv;
int mode = args->mode;
char *what = args->what;
// 一些jvm的调用实例，在之前的步骤中，通过加载相应动态链接方法，保存起来的
/**
* ifn->CreateJavaVM =
* (void *)GetProcAddress(handle, "JNI_CreateJavaVM");
* ifn->GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs =
* (void *)GetProcAddress(handle, "JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs");
*/
InvocationFunctions ifn = args->ifn;
JavaVM *vm = 0;
JNIEnv *env = 0;
jclass mainClass = NULL;
jclass appClass = NULL; // actual application class being launched
jmethodID mainID;
jobjectArray mainArgs;
int ret = 0;
jlong start, end;
// collector
RegisterThread();
/* Initialize the virtual machine */
start = CounterGet();
// 初始化jvm，失败则退出
if (!InitializeJVM(&vm, &env, &ifn)) {
JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR1);
exit(1);
}
// jvm检查完毕，如果只是一些展示类请求，则展示信息后，退出jvm
if (showSettings != NULL) {
ShowSettings(env, showSettings);
/**
* 宏是神奇的操作，此处 *env 直接引用
#define CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(CEL_return_value) \
do { \
if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) { \
JLI_ReportExceptionDescription(env); \
ret = (CEL_return_value); \
LEAVE(); \
} \
} while (JNI_FALSE)
*/
CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
}
// 调用 LEAVE() 方法的目的在于主动销毁jvm线程
// 且退出当前方法调用，即 LEAVE() 后方法不再被执行
/*
* Always detach the main thread so that it appears to have ended when
* the application's main method exits. This will invoke the
* uncaught exception handler machinery if main threw an
* exception. An uncaught exception handler cannot change the
* launcher's return code except by calling System.exit.
*
* Wait for all non-daemon threads to end, then destroy the VM.
* This will actually create a trivial new Java waiter thread
* named "DestroyJavaVM", but this will be seen as a different
* thread from the one that executed main, even though they are
* the same C thread. This allows mainThread.join() and
* mainThread.isAlive() to work as expected.
*/
/**
*
*
#define LEAVE() \
do { \
if ((*vm)->DetachCurrentThread(vm) != JNI_OK) { \
JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR2); \
ret = 1; \
} \
if (JNI_TRUE) { \
(*vm)->DestroyJavaVM(vm); \
return ret; \
} \
} while (JNI_FALSE)
*/
if (printVersion || showVersion) {
PrintJavaVersion(env, showVersion);
CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(0);
if (printVersion) {
LEAVE();
}
}
/* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
if (printXUsage || printUsage || what == 0 || mode == LM_UNKNOWN) {
PrintUsage(env, printXUsage);
CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
LEAVE();
}
// 释放内存
FreeKnownVMs(); /* after last possible PrintUsage() */
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
end = CounterGet();
JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to InitializeJVM\n",
(long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
}
/* At this stage, argc/argv have the application's arguments */
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()){
int i;
printf("%s is '%s'\n", launchModeNames[mode], what);
printf("App's argc is %d\n", argc);
for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
printf(" argv[%2d] = '%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
}
}
ret = 1;
/*
* Get the application's main class.
*
* See bugid 5030265. The Main-Class name has already been parsed
* from the manifest, but not parsed properly for UTF-8 support.
* Hence the code here ignores the value previously extracted and
* uses the pre-existing code to reextract the value. This is
* possibly an end of release cycle expedient. However, it has
* also been discovered that passing some character sets through
* the environment has "strange" behavior on some variants of
* Windows. Hence, maybe the manifest parsing code local to the
* launcher should never be enhanced.
*
* Hence, future work should either:
* 1) Correct the local parsing code and verify that the
* Main-Class attribute gets properly passed through
* all environments,
* 2) Remove the vestages of maintaining main_class through
* the environment (and remove these comments).
*
* This method also correctly handles launching existing JavaFX
* applications that may or may not have a Main-Class manifest entry.
*/
// 加载 main 指定的class类
mainClass = LoadMainClass(env, mode, what);
CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainClass);
/*
* In some cases when launching an application that needs a helper, e.g., a
* JavaFX application with no main method, the mainClass will not be the
* applications own main class but rather a helper class. To keep things
* consistent in the UI we need to track and report the application main class.
*/
appClass = GetApplicationClass(env);
NULL_CHECK_RETURN_VALUE(appClass, -1);
/*
* PostJVMInit uses the class name as the application name for GUI purposes,
* for example, on OSX this sets the application name in the menu bar for
* both SWT and JavaFX. So we'll pass the actual application class here
* instead of mainClass as that may be a launcher or helper class instead
* of the application class.
*/
// 加载main() 方法前执行初始化
PostJVMInit(env, appClass, vm);
CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
/*
* The LoadMainClass not only loads the main class, it will also ensure
* that the main method's signature is correct, therefore further checking
* is not required. The main method is invoked here so that extraneous java
* stacks are not in the application stack trace.
*/
// 获取main()方法id, main(String[] args)
mainID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, mainClass, "main",
"([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainID);
/* Build platform specific argument array */
// 构建args[] 参数
mainArgs = CreateApplicationArgs(env, argv, argc);
CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainArgs);
/* Invoke main method. */
// 调用java实现的main()方法
// XX:: 重要实现
(*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, mainClass, mainID, mainArgs);
/*
* The launcher's exit code (in the absence of calls to
* System.exit) will be non-zero if main threw an exception.
*/
ret = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env) == NULL ? 0 : 1;
LEAVE();
}
/*
* Loads a class and verifies that the main class is present and it is ok to
* call it for more details refer to the java implementation.
*/
static jclass
LoadMainClass(JNIEnv *env, int mode, char *name)
{
jmethodID mid;
jstring str;
jobject result;
jlong start, end;
jclass cls = GetLauncherHelperClass(env);
NULL_CHECK0(cls);
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
start = CounterGet();
}
// checkAndLoadMain(String) 方法作为中间main()调用
NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
"checkAndLoadMain",
"(ZILjava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;"));
str = NewPlatformString(env, name);
CHECK_JNI_RETURN_0(
result = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(
env, cls, mid, USE_STDERR, mode, str));
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
end = CounterGet();
printf("%ld micro seconds to load main class\n",
(long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
printf("----%s----\n", JLDEBUG_ENV_ENTRY);
}
return (jclass)result;
}
// 初始化jvm, 主要是调用 CreateJavaVM() 方法，进行创建jvm操作
/*
* Initializes the Java Virtual Machine. Also frees options array when
* finished.
*/
static jboolean
InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv, InvocationFunctions *ifn)
{
JavaVMInitArgs args;
jint r;
memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
args.nOptions = numOptions;
args.options = options;
args.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
int i = 0;
printf("JavaVM args:\n ");
printf("version 0x%08lx, ", (long)args.version);
printf("ignoreUnrecognized is %s, ",
args.ignoreUnrecognized ? "JNI_TRUE" : "JNI_FALSE");
printf("nOptions is %ld\n", (long)args.nOptions);
for (i = 0; i < numOptions; i++)
printf(" option[%2d] = '%s'\n",
i, args.options[i].optionString);
}
r = ifn->CreateJavaVM(pvm, (void **)penv, &args);
JLI_MemFree(options);
return r == JNI_OK;
}
略去核心加载jvm的实现，要加载main类，还是比较简单的。主要就是通过前面查找出的main_class, 然后通过在jvm的实例中获取到的各方法的函数指针，然后按照字节码的规范，调用 MainClass.main(String[]) 方法。当然了，为了兼容其他非main的场景，它还有很多附加处理逻辑。
2. main 方法之前
前面讲了加载main方法的过程，大致理解了c如何启动调用java的main的。那么，这又是如何调用准备的呢，在这之前都需要做哪些准备呢？
实际上，这是平台相关的实现。
// share/bin/java.c
/*
* Entry point.
*/
int
JLI_Launch(int argc, char ** argv, /* main argc, argc */
int jargc, const char** jargv, /* java args */
int appclassc, const char** appclassv, /* app classpath */
const char* fullversion, /* full version defined */
const char* dotversion, /* dot version defined */
const char* pname, /* program name */
const char* lname, /* launcher name */
jboolean javaargs, /* JAVA_ARGS */
jboolean cpwildcard, /* classpath wildcard*/
jboolean javaw, /* windows-only javaw */
jint ergo /* ergonomics class policy */
)
{
int mode = LM_UNKNOWN;
char *what = NULL;
char *cpath = 0;
char *main_class = NULL;
int ret;
InvocationFunctions ifn;
jlong start, end;
char jvmpath[MAXPATHLEN];
char jrepath[MAXPATHLEN];
char jvmcfg[MAXPATHLEN];
_fVersion = fullversion;
_dVersion = dotversion;
_launcher_name = lname;
_program_name = pname;
_is_java_args = javaargs;
_wc_enabled = cpwildcard;
_ergo_policy = ergo;
// 初始化启动器
InitLauncher(javaw);
// 打印状态
DumpState();
// 跟踪调用启动
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
int i;
printf("Command line args:\n");
for (i = 0; i < argc ; i++) {
printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
}
AddOption("-Dsun.java.launcher.diag=true", NULL);
}
/*
* Make sure the specified version of the JRE is running.
*
* There are three things to note about the SelectVersion() routine:
* 1) If the version running isn't correct, this routine doesn't
* return (either the correct version has been exec'd or an error
* was issued).
* 2) Argc and Argv in this scope are *not* altered by this routine.
* It is the responsibility of subsequent code to ignore the
* arguments handled by this routine.
* 3) As a side-effect, the variable "main_class" is guaranteed to
* be set (if it should ever be set). This isn't exactly the
* poster child for structured programming, but it is a small
* price to pay for not processing a jar file operand twice.
* (Note: This side effect has been disabled. See comment on
* bugid 5030265 below.)
*/
// 解析命令行参数，选择一jre版本
SelectVersion(argc, argv, &main_class);
CreateExecutionEnvironment(&argc, &argv,
jrepath, sizeof(jrepath),
jvmpath, sizeof(jvmpath),
jvmcfg, sizeof(jvmcfg));
if (!IsJavaArgs()) {
// 设置一些特殊的环境变量
SetJvmEnvironment(argc,argv);
}
ifn.CreateJavaVM = 0;
ifn.GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs = 0;
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
start = CounterGet();
}
// 加载VM, 重中之重
if (!LoadJavaVM(jvmpath, &ifn)) {
return(6);
}
if (JLI_IsTraceLauncher()) {
end = CounterGet();
}
JLI_TraceLauncher("%ld micro seconds to LoadJavaVM\n",
(long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
++argv;
--argc;
// 解析更多参数信息
if (IsJavaArgs()) {
/* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
TranslateApplicationArgs(jargc, jargv, &argc, &argv);
if (!AddApplicationOptions(appclassc, appclassv)) {
return(1);
}
} else {
/* Set default CLASSPATH */
cpath = getenv("CLASSPATH");
if (cpath == NULL) {
cpath = ".";
}
SetClassPath(cpath);
}
/* Parse command line options; if the return value of
* ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
*/
// 解析参数
if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &mode, &what, &ret, jrepath))
{
return(ret);
}
/* Override class path if -jar flag was specified */
if (mode == LM_JAR) {
SetClassPath(what); /* Override class path */
}
/* set the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property */
SetJavaCommandLineProp(what, argc, argv);
/* Set the -Dsun.java.launcher pseudo property */
SetJavaLauncherProp();
/* set the -Dsun.java.launcher.* platform properties */
SetJavaLauncherPlatformProps();
return JVMInit(&ifn, threadStackSize, argc, argv, mode, what, ret);
}
// macos/bin/java_md_macos.c
// MacOSX we may continue in the same thread
int
JVMInit(InvocationFunctions* ifn, jlong threadStackSize,
int argc, char **argv,
int mode, char *what, int ret) {
if (sameThread) {
JLI_TraceLauncher("In same thread\n");
// need to block this thread against the main thread
// so signals get caught correctly
__block int rslt = 0;
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
{
NSBlockOperation *op = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock: ^{
JavaMainArgs args;
args.argc = argc;
args.argv = argv;
args.mode = mode;
args.what = what;
args.ifn = *ifn;
// 调用 JavaMain()
rslt = JavaMain(&args);
}];
/*
* We cannot use dispatch_sync here, because it blocks the main dispatch queue.
* Using the main NSRunLoop allows the dispatch queue to run properly once
* SWT (or whatever toolkit this is needed for) kicks off it's own NSRunLoop
* and starts running.
*/
[op performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(start) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];
}
[pool drain];
return rslt;
} else {
return ContinueInNewThread(ifn, threadStackSize, argc, argv, mode, what, ret);
}
}
以上是mac调用 javaMain的方式。在windows, 以及linux上则稍有不同。后续再说。