springboot使用注解参数校验 javax.validation 和 hibernate-validator

• 1. 请求参数校验概述
• • 1.1 业务需求概述
  • 1.2 常见注解说明
• 2. 参数校验验证
• • 2.1 引入依赖
  • 2.2 代码实现
  • 2.2 实现验证

1. 请求参数校验概述

1.1 业务需求概述

常见的业务开发中无可避免的会进行请求参数校验，一般对于复杂的业务参数校验，可以通过校验类单独的校验方法进行处理，通常对于一些与业务无关简单的参数校验可以采用javax.validation 和 hibernate-validator通过注解的方式实现校验。

1.2 常见注解说明

注解	说明
@Length(min=,max=)	检查所属的字段的长度是否在min和max之间，只能用于字符串
@Range(min=,max=,message=)	被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内
@Max	该字段的值只能小于或等于该值
@Min	该字段的值只能大于或等于该值
@NotNull	不能为null
@NotBlank	不能为空，检查时会将空格忽略
@NotEmpty	不能为空，这里的空是指空字符串
@Pattern(regex=,flag=)	被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式

注意：
1.正则表达式@Pattern注解只用于String类型的字段上。数字类型的可用@Range注解。
2.需要在Controller中请求对象或者参数前加@Validated或@Valid注解一起使用，
@Validated和@Valid注解区别不是很大，一般情况下任选一个即可，区别如下：

注解	@Validated	@Valid
所属的包	属于org.springframework.validation.annotation包下的,是spring提供的	属于javax.validation包下,是jdk给提供的
是否支持分组和排序	是	否

虽然@Validated比@Valid更加强大，在@Valid之上提供了分组功能和验证排序功能，不过在实际项目中一直没有用到过 Hibernate-validate框架中的注解是需要加在实体中一起使用的

2. 参数校验验证

2.1 引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>category</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>category</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库连接诶-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--常用工具-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>30.1.1-jre</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--字段校验-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.13.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.2 代码实现

1.实体类

import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;

import javax.validation.constraints.*;

/**
 * 员工实体类
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @since 2021/7/31
 **/
@Data
@ApiModel(value = "Employee", description = "员工信息")
public class Employee {

    @NotNull(message = "userId is empty")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "员工ID")
    private Integer id;

    @NotBlank(message = "员工姓名不能为空")
    @Length(min = 1, max = 100, message = "员工姓名长度不能超过50字")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "员工姓名")
    private String name;

    @Range(min = 1, max = 200, message = "年龄范围[1,200]")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄")
    private Integer age;

    @Pattern(regexp = "^[0-1]$", message = "员工类型范围[0,1]")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "员工类型（0行政岗;1基础岗")
    private String type;

    @Pattern(regexp = "^[1][^0^1^2][0-9]{9}$", message = "员工手机号码不合法")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "员工手机号码")
    private String phone;

    @Email(message = "员工邮箱不合法")
    @Length(min = 1, max = 50, message = "员工邮箱长度")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "员工邮箱")
    private String email;

    @Length(min = 0, max = 200, message = "备注长度不能超过100字")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "备注")
    private String remarks;

}

2.控制类

import com.example.category.entity.Employee;
import com.example.category.entity.Response;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.validation.Valid;

/**
 * 员工控制类
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @since 2021/7/31
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/employee")
@Api(value = "employee", description = "员工管理")
public class EmployeeController {

    @GetMapping("/test")
    @ApiOperation(value = "test测试", notes = "test测试", httpMethod = "GET")
    public Response test() {
        return Response.success("查询成功", null);
    }

    /**
     * Valid测试
     * 这里职位测试@Valid，所以不在写其他各层
     */
    @PostMapping("/validEpmloyee")
    @ApiOperation(value = "Valid测试", notes = "Valid测试", httpMethod = "POST")
    public Response<Employee> validEpmloyee(@Valid @RequestBody Employee employee) {
        System.out.println("测试请求对象：" + employee);
        if (employee != null) {
            return Response.success("查询成功", employee);
        }
        return Response.fail("查询失败");
    }
}

3.结果集响应码

package com.example.category.entity;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 结果集封装
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/6/2
 * @since V1.0
 **/
@Data
@Component
public class Response<T> {
    private static ResponseCode responseCode;
    /**
     * 提示消息
     */
    private String message;

    /**
     * 具体返回的数据
     */
    private T data;

    /**
     * 状态码
     */
    private String code;

    private Response(String code, String message, T data) {
        this.message = message;
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
    }

    private Response(String code, String msg) {
        this.message = msg;
        this.code = code;
    }

    @Autowired
    public Response(ResponseCode responseCode) {
        Response.responseCode = responseCode;
    }

    /**
     * 返回成功Response对象
     */
    public static <T> Response<T> success(String successMessage, T data) {
        return new Response<>(responseCode.getSuccessCode(), successMessage, data);
    }
    
    /**
     * 返回错误Response对象
     */
    public static <T> Response<T> fail(String errorMessage) {
        return new Response<>(responseCode.getErrorCode(), errorMessage);
    }
}

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 响应码
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/6/2
 * @since V1.0
 **/
@Data
@Component
public class ResponseCode {
    public String successCode = "200";

    public String errorCode = "500";

    public String authErrorCode = "300";
}

4.异常切面封装类

import com.example.category.entity.Response;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.method.annotation.MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException;

import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 异常切面封装类
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @since 2021/7/31
 **/
@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
@Slf4j
public class ExceptionHandlerAdvice {
    /**
     * Exception
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public Response<String> handleGlobalException(Exception exception, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) {
        if (exception instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) {
            List<ObjectError> errors = ((MethodArgumentNotValidException) exception).getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(errors)) {
                for (ObjectError error : errors) {
                    if (sb.length() != 0) {
                        sb.append("，");
                    }

                    sb.append(error.getDefaultMessage());
                }
            }
            return Response.fail(sb.toString());
        }

        // 约束异常
        if (exception instanceof ConstraintViolationException) {
            Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> exceptionSet = ((ConstraintViolationException) exception).getConstraintViolations();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(exceptionSet)) {
                for (ConstraintViolation<?> set : exceptionSet) {
                    if (sb.length() != 0) {
                        sb.append("，");
                    }

                    sb.append(set.getMessageTemplate());
                }
            }

            return Response.fail(sb.toString());
        }

        // 参数类型转换异常处理
        if (exception instanceof MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException) {
            return Response.fail(((MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException) exception).getName() + " 类型不匹配");
        }

        if (exception instanceof JsonMappingException) {
            return Response.fail("JSON格式错误, " + exception.getLocalizedMessage());
        }

        if (exception instanceof HttpMessageNotReadableException) {
            return Response.fail("请求体格式错误, " + exception.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
        if (exception instanceof MissingServletRequestParameterException) {
            String paramName = ((MissingServletRequestParameterException) exception).getParameterName();
            return Response.fail(paramName + " 不能为空");
        }

        //if (exception instanceof MarketingException) {
        //    MarketingException marketingException = (MarketingException) exception;
        //    return RdfaResult.fail(marketingException.getErrorCodeEnum().getCode(), exception.getMessage());
        //}

        // 其他异常打印日志
        log.error("{}.{} error, ", handlerMethod.getBeanType().getSimpleName(), handlerMethod.getMethod().getName(), exception);

        //if (exception instanceof RpcException) {
        //    return RdfaResult.fail(ErrorCodeEnum.RPC_ERROR.getCode(), "RPC调用错误，请稍后重试");
        //}

        return Response.fail("服务器内部错误，请联系开发人员！");
    }
}

2.2 实现验证