后端测试，主要以测试接口为主。需要代码支撑，近期便找了个天气接口捣鼓了。
使用到的工具是：Eclipse + TestNG + Maven + ReportNG，全国城市编码：http://www.cnblogs.com/oucbl/p/6138963.html，接口地址：http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/城市编码.html
先看一下代码架构，如下所示：
建的是maven工程，个人觉得这样下载依赖包较方便。工程科分为四部分：功能代码，测试case，报表文件和配置文件。网络上也有很多这样的实例，我只是列举些我在做的过程中所遇到的问题吧，也当一个记录。maven不会配置，可参见我之前写的随笔。
功能代码
Common
package com.CityWether.CityInfo; import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class Common {
public static String getJsonValue(String JsonString, String JsonId) {
String JsonValue = "";
//trim()去掉字符串首尾的空格
if (JsonString == null || JsonString.trim().length() < 1) {
return null;
}
try {
JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(JsonString);
JsonValue = obj1.getString(JsonId);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return JsonValue;
}
}
URLConnection
package com.CityWether.CityInfo; import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL; public class URLConnection {
public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String url){
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URL postUrl = new URL(url);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();
// 设置通用的请求属性
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
}
CityWeather
package com.CityWether.CityInfo; import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection; public class CityWeather {
private String url=""; public String geturl() {
return url;
} public static String formatString(String s) {
if (s != null) {
s = s.replaceAll("\ufeff", "");
}
return s;
} public String getHttpRespone(String cityCode) throws IOException {
String line = "";
String httpResults = "";
url=("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/" + cityCode + ".html");
try {
HttpURLConnection connection = URLConnection.getConnection(url);
// 建立实际的连接
connection.connect();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
httpResults = httpResults + line.toString();
}
reader.close();
// 断开连接
connection.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return httpResults;
}
}
测试case
package com.CityWether.CityInfo; import java.io.IOException; import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test; import com.CityWether.CityInfo.CityWeather;
import com.CityWether.CityInfo.Common; public class TestCase {
public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,expect_city = null;
public static String cityCode="";
CityWeather weather=new CityWeather(); @Test(priority=0)
public void getHuaihua() throws IOException{
expect_city="怀化";
cityCode="101251201";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} @Test(priority=1)
public void getHuitong() throws IOException{
expect_city="会同";
cityCode="101251206";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} @Test(priority=2)
public void getChangsha() throws IOException{
expect_city="长沙";
cityCode="101250101";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} @Test(priority=3)
public void getBaoshan() throws IOException{
expect_city="宝山";
cityCode="101020300";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} @Test(priority=4)
public void getShanghai() throws IOException{
expect_city="上海";
cityCode="101020100";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} @Test(priority=5)
public void Minhang() throws IOException{
expect_city="闵行";
cityCode="101020200";
resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
} public void resultCheck(String cityCode, String expect_city) throws IOException{
System.setProperty("org.uncommons.reportng.escape-output", "false");
Reporter.log("【正常用例】:获取"+expect_city+"天气成功!");
httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
Reporter.log("<p><span style=\"color:#FF0000\">请求地址: "+weather.geturl()+"</span></p>");
Reporter.log("【返回结果】: "+httpResult);
weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
Reporter.log("<p>【用例结果】: resultCode=>expected: " + expect_city + " ,actual: "+ city+"</p>");
Assert.assertEquals(city,expect_city);
Reporter.log("<p></p>");
Reporter.log("<p>"+"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"+"</p>");
}
}
报表文件示例
报表html文件位置在如下所示：
代码实现如上就完成，需要配置pom.xml文件和testng.xml文件，可参照如下：
pom.xml
pom.xml文件是下载依赖包的，特别方便
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>CityWether</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging> <name>CityWether</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20171018</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.9.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.uncommons</groupId>
<artifactId>reportng</artifactId>
<version>1.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>guice</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity-dep</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
这里需要注意的是，由于接口返回的是json数据，所以必须导入json依赖包：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20171018</version>
</dependency>
testng.xml
testng.xml文件是用于运行的，运行程序直接运行该文件即可：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://beust.com/testng/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name="suite1">
<test name="test1">
<classes>
<class name="com.CityWether.CityInfo.TestCase" />
</classes>
</test>
<listeners>
<listener class-name="org.uncommons.reportng.HTMLReporter" />
<listener class-name="org.uncommons.reportng.JUnitXMLReporter" />
</listeners>
</suite>
问题总结
自己在完成过程中，过程中遇到如下问题：
1、接口返回的数据是乱码
如下所示：
经百度科普，是因为BOM报头报错，可参见该博文：http://blog.csdn.net/u012519664/article/details/41596857?%3E，里面有详细介绍。
解决办法：
在CityWeather类中代码下加上如下代码即可：
public static String formatString(String s) {
if (s != null) {
s = s.replaceAll("\ufeff", "");
}
return s;
}
2、Common类中导包错误
Common类中代码导入如下包，运行程序报错
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
报错为：
解决办法为：
重新导入JSON包即可，如下：
import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;