在前一节，学习了如何自定义登录页，但是用户名、密码仍然是配置在xml中的，这样显然太非主流，本节将学习如何把用户名/密码/角色存储在db中，通过db来实现用户认证
一、项目结构
与前面的示例相比，因为要连接db，所以多出了一个spring-database.xml用来定义数据库连接，此外，为了演示登录用户权限不足的场景，加了一个页面403.jsp，用来统一显示权限不足的提示信息
二、数据库表结构(oracle环境)
create table T_USERS
(
d_username VARCHAR2(50) not null,
d_password VARCHAR2(60),
d_enabled NUMBER(1)
);
alter table T_USERS
add constraint PK_USERS_USERNAME primary key (D_USERNAME) ; create table T_USER_ROLES
(
d_user_role_id NUMBER(10) not null,
d_username VARCHAR2(50),
d_role VARCHAR2(50)
);
alter table T_USER_ROLES
add constraint PK_USER_ROLES primary key (D_USER_ROLE_ID);
alter table T_USER_ROLES
add constraint IDX_UNI_ROLE_USERNAME unique (D_USERNAME, D_ROLE);
create-table
这里创建了二张表，一张用来保存用户名/密码，另一张用来保存用户所属的权限角色，表名和字段名无所谓，可以随便改，但是用户表中，必须要有"用户名/密码/帐号的有效状态"这三列信息，权限角色表必须要有“用户名/权限角色”这二列信息
再insert几条测试数据
insert into T_USERS (D_USERNAME, D_PASSWORD, D_ENABLED)
values ('YJMYZZ', '', 1); insert into T_USERS (D_USERNAME, D_PASSWORD, D_ENABLED)
values ('MIKE', 'MIKE123', 1); insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE)
values (1, 'MIKE', 'POWER'); insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE)
values (2, 'YJMYZZ', 'ADMIN'); insert into T_USER_ROLES (D_USER_ROLE_ID, D_USERNAME, D_ROLE)
values (3, 'YJMYZZ', 'POWER');
insert user/role data
这里插入了二个用户YJMYZZ/MIKE，而且MIKE属于POWER组，YJMYZZ同时属于POWER\ADMIN二个权限组
三、spring-security.xml
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true">
<intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="hasRole('ADMIN')" />
<!-- access denied page -->
<access-denied-handler error-page="/403" />
<form-login login-page="/login" default-target-url="/welcome"
authentication-failure-url="/login?error" username-parameter="username"
password-parameter="password" />
<logout logout-success-url="/login?logout" />
<!-- enable csrf protection -->
<csrf />
</http> <!-- Select users and user_roles from database -->
<authentication-manager>
<authentication-provider>
<jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource"
users-by-username-query="select d_username username,d_password password, d_enabled enabled from t_users where d_username=?"
authorities-by-username-query="select d_username username, d_role role from t_user_roles where d_username=? " />
</authentication-provider>
</authentication-manager> </beans:beans>
spring-security
注意第9行，这里使用了一个el表达式，目的是/admin开头的url，必须有ADMIN角色的登录用户才可访问
第11行，表示如果登录用户权限不够，将跳转到/403这个url
24,25这二行，指定了查询用户/角色的sql语句，注意：虽然前面提到了用户/角色这二张表的表名/字段名可以随便写，但是写sql时，用户名的别名必须是username，密码列的别名必须是password，帐号有效状态的别名必须是enabled，而权限角色列的别名必须是role
23行指定了db数据源，它的详细定义在 spring-database.xml中，内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.21.***.***:1521:orcl" />
<property name="username" value="***" />
<property name="password" value="***" />
</bean>
</beans>
本文使用的是oracle数据库，如果是其它数据库，请自行调整上面的内容
四、Controller
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller
public class HelloController { @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView welcome() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("title",
"Spring Security Login Form - Database Authentication");
model.addObject("message", "This is default page!");
model.setViewName("hello");
return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView admin() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("title",
"Spring Security Login Form - Database Authentication");
model.addObject("message", "This page is for ROLE_ADMIN only!");
model.setViewName("admin");
return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView login(
@RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) String error,
@RequestParam(value = "logout", required = false) String logout) { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
if (error != null) {
model.addObject("error", "Invalid username and password!");
} if (logout != null) {
model.addObject("msg", "You've been logged out successfully.");
}
model.setViewName("login"); return model; } // for 403 access denied page
@RequestMapping(value = "/403", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView accesssDenied() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); // check if user is login
Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
.getAuthentication();
if (!(auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {
UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) auth.getPrincipal();
model.addObject("username", userDetail.getUsername());
} model.setViewName("comm/403");
return model; } }
HelloController
66-71行演示了如何在服务端判断一个用户是否已经登录
五、视图页面
hello.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="sec"
uri="http://www.springframework.org/security/tags"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>${title}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Title : ${title}</h1>
<h1>Message : ${message}</h1>
<sec:authorize access="hasRole('POWER')">
<!-- For login user -->
<c:url value="/j_spring_security_logout" var="logoutUrl" />
<form action="${logoutUrl}" method="post" id="logoutForm">
<input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}"
value="${_csrf.token}" />
</form>
<script>
function formSubmit() {
document.getElementById("logoutForm").submit();
}
</script> <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}">
<h2>
User : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a
href="javascript:formSubmit()"> Logout</a> | <a href="admin">admin</a>
</h2>
</c:if>
</sec:authorize> <sec:authorize access="isAnonymous()">
<br />
<h2>
<a href="login">login</a>
</h2>
</sec:authorize> </body>
</html>
hello.jsp
注意一下：14、27、35这三行，它们演示了如何在jsp端判断用户具有的角色权限、是否已登录等用法
403.jsp
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<body>
<h1>HTTP Status 403 - Access is denied</h1> <c:choose>
<c:when test="${empty username}">
<h2>You do not have permission to access this page!</h2>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<h2>
Username : ${username} <br /> You do not have permission to access
this page!
</h2>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose> </body>
</html>
403.jsp
admin.jsp
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@page session="true"%>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Title : ${title}</h1>
<h1>Message : ${message}</h1> <c:url value="/j_spring_security_logout" var="logoutUrl" />
<form action="${logoutUrl}" method="post" id="logoutForm">
<input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}"
value="${_csrf.token}" />
</form>
<script>
function formSubmit() {
document.getElementById("logoutForm").submit();
}
</script> <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}">
<h2>
Welcome : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a
href="javascript:formSubmit()"> Logout</a> | <a href="welcome">welcome</a>
</h2>
</c:if> </body>
</html>
admin.jsp
因为在xml中已经配置了/admin开头的请求url，必须具有ADMIN角色权限，所以admin.jsp端反而不用任何额外的判断了