安装MYSQL到CentOS（YUM）

2022-11-12 16:56:07

运行环境

系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

软件版本：MYSQL-5.7

硬件要求：无

安装过程

1、基础配置

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

2、安装YUM-MYSQL存储库

YUM-MYSQL存储库由MYSQL官网提供。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -i https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

3、安装MYSQL

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

4、创建一个数据库实例，创建相关目录并授权

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/log

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

5、创建一个数据库实例，创建配置文件

下面是一份经过性能优化的配置文件。

不了解的情况下我们只需要关注几个简单的基础配置即可。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]

### basic ###

user = mysql

# 运行用户

server_id = 1

# 主机ID

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

# 监听地址

port = 43306

# 监听端口

pid-file = /data/mysql/mysqld.pid

# 进程文件存放路径

socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

# 套接字文件存放路径

datadir = /data/mysql/data

# 数据存储目录路径

default_storage_engine = InnoDB

# 数据库使用的默认存储引擎

# explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

symbolic-links = 0

### skip password ###

skip-grant-tables = false

### errorlog ###

log_error = /data/mysql/log/error.log

# 错误日志文件存储路径

### binlog ###

log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin

# 开启二进制日志文件功能，设置二进制日志文件目录存储路径

log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.index

# 二进制日志文件列表索引文件存放路径

binlog_cache_size = 4MB

max_binlog_size = 200MB

# log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

# expire_logs_days = 30

### relaylog ###

relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin

relay_log_index = /data/mysql/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin.index

### slowlog ###

slow_query_log = ON

slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/log/slow.log

long_query_time = 10

### network ###

back_log = 512

max_allowed_packet = 64MB

max_connections = 1024

max_connect_errors = 100

### buffer ###

# join_buffer_size = 1MB

# read_buffer_size = 1MB

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 1MB

# sort_buffer_size = 1MB

### query_cache ###

query_cache_type = ON

query_cache_size = 256MB

table_open_cache = 10000

thread_cache_size = 64

### innodb ###

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/data

innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2GB

# innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_file_size = 2GB

innodb_log_files_in_group = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16MB

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60

innodb_thread_concurrency = 4

innodb_open_files = 65535

open-files-limit = 65535

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]

socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

[mysqladmin]

socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

[mysqldump]

socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

6、创建一个数据库实例，初始化

初次运行，我们需要初始化数据库实例，生成基础数据库。

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --initialize

7、创建一个数据库实例，修改系统服务控制

将数据库实例服务交由系统管理工具“systemctl”托管。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Community Server

After=network.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

Type=forking

PermissionsStartOnly=true

PIDFile=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid

#ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --daemonize

TimeoutSec=600

LimitNOFILE = 65535

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

RuntimeDirectory=mysqld

RuntimeDirectoryMode=755

8、创建一个数据库实例，启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnupt  |grep mysqld

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:43306           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11748/mysqld

9、创建一个数据库实例，重置超级管理员密码

我们需要通过错误日志获取初始化时生成的临时密码。

密码必须符合复杂性要求，需要字母大小写+数字+特殊符号。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/mysql/log/error.log |grep password

2019-05-06T01:41:01.728543Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eAywyZq/?0!g

[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'eAywyZq/?0!g' password 'ABCabc-123'

10、访问测试

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ABCabc-123' -A

mysql>

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