restore:恢复数据文件

recover：写日志

1.redo（roll forward）重做 （前进）

2.undo（roll back） 撤销 （回滚）

cp -r：删除一个目录

archive log list：归档日志列表

current：当前（不切换了）

archived存档

uncommitted：未提交

归档模式下丢失一个数据文件：
SQL> archive log list
备份前工作：
SQL> create table t1(x varchar2(50)) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('friday, before backup'); 在星期日备份之前
SQL> commit;
备份：
RMAN> backup tablespace users tag "tbs_users_weekend_backup";
备份后工作：
SQL> select group#, sequence#, status, archived from v$log;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 7, archived'); 注：查询以后记得改这个参数7
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile; 更改切换日志文件
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 8, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 9, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 10, current');
SQL> commit;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 10, current, uncommitted');
SQL> select * from t1;

通过不完全恢复解决归档日志不连续：
SQL> archive log list
备份前：
SQL> create table t1(x varchar2(50)) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('before backup');
SQL> commit;
备份：
RMAN> backup database tag 'weekend_DB_full_backup';
备份后：
SQL> select GROUP#, SEQUENCE#, STATUS, archived from v$log;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 1, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile; 更改系统切换日志文件
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 2, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 3, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 4, archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, logseq 5, current');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 更改系统检查点
故障：
SQL> shutdown abort
$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
$ rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_03_01/o1_mf_1_5_cfbcxo84_.arc
恢复：
SQL> startup
先尝试只恢复一个数据文件失败。
RMAN> run {
startup force mount;
set until sequence 5;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
SQL> select * from t1;

丢失部分控制文件：
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
$ >/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> select * from v$tablespace; 报错
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 报错
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> show parameter control_files
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database open;