程序中涉及到对一些共享资源的读和写操作，且写操作没有读操作那么频繁。在没有写操作的时候，两个线程同时读一个资源没有任何问题，所以应该允许多个线程能在同时读取共享资源。但是如果有一个线程想去写这些共享资源，就不应该再有其它线程对该资源进行读或写（译者注：也就是说：读-读能共存，读-写不能共存，写-写不能共存）。这就需要一个读/写锁来解决这个问题。
按照上面的叙述，简单的实现出一个读/写锁
public class ReadWriteLock{
private int readers = ;
private int writers = ;
private int writeRequests = ;
public synchronized void lockRead()
throws InterruptedException{
while(writers > || writeRequests > ){
wait();
}
readers++;
}
public synchronized void unlockRead(){
readers--;
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void lockWrite()
throws InterruptedException{
writeRequests++;
while(readers > || writers > ){
wait();
}
writeRequests--;
writers++;
}
public synchronized void unlockWrite()
throws InterruptedException{
writers--;
notifyAll();
}
}
ReadWriteLock类中，读锁和写锁各有一个获取锁和释放锁的方法。
可重入的ReadWriteLock的完整实现
下面是完整的ReadWriteLock实现。为了便于代码的阅读与理解，简单对上面的代码做了重构。重构后的代码如下。
public class ReadWriteLock{
private Map<Thread, Integer> readingThreads =
new HashMap<Thread, Integer>();
private int writeAccesses = ;
private int writeRequests = ;
private Thread writingThread = null;
public synchronized void lockRead()
throws InterruptedException{
Thread callingThread = Thread.currentThread();
while(! canGrantReadAccess(callingThread)){
wait();
}
readingThreads.put(callingThread,
(getReadAccessCount(callingThread) + ));
}
private boolean canGrantReadAccess(Thread callingThread){
if(isWriter(callingThread)) return true;
if(hasWriter()) return false;
if(isReader(callingThread)) return true;
if(hasWriteRequests()) return false;
return true;
}
public synchronized void unlockRead(){
Thread callingThread = Thread.currentThread();
if(!isReader(callingThread)){
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException(
"Calling Thread does not" +
" hold a read lock on this ReadWriteLock");
}
int accessCount = getReadAccessCount(callingThread);
if(accessCount == ){
readingThreads.remove(callingThread);
} else {
readingThreads.put(callingThread, (accessCount -));
}
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void lockWrite()
throws InterruptedException{
writeRequests++;
Thread callingThread = Thread.currentThread();
while(!canGrantWriteAccess(callingThread)){
wait();
}
writeRequests--;
writeAccesses++;
writingThread = callingThread;
}
public synchronized void unlockWrite()
throws InterruptedException{
if(!isWriter(Thread.currentThread()){
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException(
"Calling Thread does not" +
" hold the write lock on this ReadWriteLock");
}
writeAccesses--;
if(writeAccesses == ){
writingThread = null;
}
notifyAll();
}
private boolean canGrantWriteAccess(Thread callingThread){
if(isOnlyReader(callingThread)) return true;
if(hasReaders()) return false;
if(writingThread == null) return true;
if(!isWriter(callingThread)) return false;
return true;
}
private int getReadAccessCount(Thread callingThread){
Integer accessCount = readingThreads.get(callingThread);
if(accessCount == null) return ;
return accessCount.intValue();
}
private boolean hasReaders(){
return readingThreads.size() > ;
}
private boolean isReader(Thread callingThread){
return readingThreads.get(callingThread) != null;
}
private boolean isOnlyReader(Thread callingThread){
return readingThreads.size() == &&
readingThreads.get(callingThread) != null;
}
private boolean hasWriter(){
return writingThread != null;
}
private boolean isWriter(Thread callingThread){
return writingThread == callingThread;
}
private boolean hasWriteRequests(){
return this.writeRequests > ;
}
}
应用：线程安全并且高并发状态下的map实现
class RWDictionary {
private final Map<String, Data> m = new TreeMap<String, Data>();
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private final Lock r = rwl.readLock();
private final Lock w = rwl.writeLock();
public Data get(String key) {
r.lock();
try { return m.get(key); }
finally { r.unlock(); }
}
public String[] allKeys() {
r.lock();
try { return m.keySet().toArray(); }
finally { r.unlock(); }
}
public Data put(String key, Data value) {
w.lock();
try { return m.put(key, value); }
finally { w.unlock(); }
}
public void clear() {
w.lock();
try { m.clear(); }
finally { w.unlock(); }
}
}