(Les16 执行数据库恢复)-表空间恢复

2022-11-10 17:37:25

NOARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了数据文件

数据库处于NOARCHIVELOG模式时,如果丢失任何数据文件,执行以下步骤

1.如果实例尚未关闭,请关闭实例

2.从备份还原整个数据库,包括所有数据文件和控制文件

3.打开数据库

4.让用户重新输入自上次备份以来所做的所有更改

ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了非关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO除外）

仅仅恢复当前数据文件不用整库恢复,不需要停机

1.数据文件离线

2.restore数据文件，介质恢复

3.recover事务

4.数据文件联机

ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO...）

数据库关键性数据文件丢失，需要停机恢复

1.实例可能会也可能不会自动关闭。如果未自动关闭，请使用SHUTDOWN ABORT关闭实例

2.装载数据库，MOUNT

3.还原并恢复缺失的数据文件，restore datafile/database

4.recover datafile/database

5.打开数据库

归档模式下恢复非关键表空间

set linesize 300

set pagesize 600

col file_name format a50

col tablespace_name format a20

select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

创建一个非关键表空间进行测试

create tablespace redo_data  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M;

SQL> create tablespace redo_data  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> set linesize 300

set pagesize 600

col file_name format a50

col tablespace_name format a20

select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME      FILE_NAME

-------------------- --------------------------------------------------

USERS                /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf

UNDOTBS1             /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf

SYSAUX               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf

SYSTEM               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf

REDO_DATA            /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

对数据进行一次完全备份

RMAN> shutdown immediate

RMAN> startup mount

RMAN> run

{

allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/backup/backup01_%U' ;

backup as compressed backupset database;

backup current controlfile;

alter database open;

}

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

7       Full    321.23M    DISK        00:00:38     22-MAY-18

        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20180522T151208

        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1

  List of Datafiles in backup set 7

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

  1       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf

  2       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf

  3       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf

  4       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf

  5       Full 1058982    22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

8       Full    1.05M      DISK        00:00:03     22-MAY-18

        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20180522T151208

        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_09t3horl_1_1

  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-18

  SPFILE db_unique_name: XIOCPT0

  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982      Ckp time: 22-MAY-18

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

9       Full    9.64M      DISK        00:00:01     22-MAY-18

        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20180522T151257

        Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_0at3horp_1_1

  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982      Ckp time: 22-MAY-18

创建表并指定表空间

SQL> create table REDO_DATA(

  2  id number,

  3  name varchar2(20)

  4  )

  5  tablespace REDO_DATA;

Table created.

SQL> declare

v_count number;

begin

  for i in 1..1000 loop

  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);

  end loop;

end;

/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

  COUNT(*)

----------

      1000

恢复非关键表空间

sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline';---离线需恢复的表空间

restore tablespace redo_data;---还原表空间

recover tablespace redo_data;---恢复表空间，期间的事务进行应用

sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online';---恢复完成，将表空间在线

删除数据文件

SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

  COUNT(*)

----------

      1000

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> declare

v_count number;

begin

  for i in 1..1000 loop

  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);

  end loop;

end;

/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL>  select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

  COUNT(*)

----------

      2000

SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory

SQL> select table_name ,tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='REDO_DATA';

TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ --------------------

REDO_DATA                      REDO_DATA

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL>  alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

  COUNT(*)

----------

      2000

SQL> declare

v_count number;

begin

  for i in 1..1000 loop

  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);

  end loop;

end;

/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> declare

v_count number;

begin

  for i in 1..1000 loop

  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);

  end loop;

end;

/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> declare

v_count number;

begin

  for i in 1..1000 loop

  insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i);

  end loop;

end;

/  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory

SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

select count(*) from REDO_DATA

                     *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00376: file 5 cannot be read at this time

ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf'

开始执行还原/恢复操作

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline';

sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data offline

RMAN>

restore tablespace redo_data;

RMAN>

Starting restore at 22-MAY-18

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 tag=TAG20180522T151208

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 22-MAY-18

RMAN>   recover tablespace redo_data;

Starting recover at 22-MAY-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 74 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 75 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 76 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 77 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 78 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 79 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 80 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 81 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_81.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 82 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_82.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 83 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_83.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 84 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_84.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 85 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_85.arc

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc thread=1 sequence=74

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc thread=1 sequence=75

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc thread=1 sequence=76

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc thread=1 sequence=77

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc thread=1 sequence=78

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc thread=1 sequence=79

archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc thread=1 sequence=80

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 22-MAY-18

RMAN>   sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online';

sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data online

SQL>  select count(*) from REDO_DATA;

  COUNT(*)

----------

      5000

归档模式下恢复关键表空间