ActiveMQ是Apache基金会开源的一个消息队列框架，也叫消息中间件。
预备知识：
- 什么是JMS？
Java消息服务（Java Message Service）即JMS，是一个Java平台中面向中间件的API，用于两个程序间或者分布式系统中发送消息，进行异步通信。 - 什么是AMQP？
AMQP（Advanced Message Queuing Protocol）是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准协议，不受语言限制。 - JMS相关概念
- 消费者、订阅者： 接收并处理消息
- 消息：传递数据的内容
- 消息模式：传递消息的方式，JMS中定义了队列和主题两种模式
- 队列模式和主题模式区别？
- 队列模式中，一个消息只能被一个消费者消费
- 主题模式中，一个消息可以被所有订阅者消费，但必须提前订阅
一、Windows安装ActiveMQ
1．下载解压
2．启动服务
双击运行 \bin\win64\activemq.bat，如果失败使用管理员权限运行
默认端口为8161，访问 http://localhost:8161/ 用户名密码都为admin
二、Linux安装ActiveMQ
1．下载解压
1）创建并切换目录 mkdir /usr/soft && cd /usr/soft
2）下载压缩包 wget http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?filename=/activemq/5.15.6/apache-activemq-5.15.6-bin.tar.gz&action=download
3）解压 tar -zvxf apache-activemq-5.15.6-bin.tar.gz
2．启动访问
进入bin目录 ./activemq start，访问虚拟机 ip地址：8161
三、队列模式
1．创建maven项目
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lyf</groupId>
<artifactId>jms-test</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>jms-test</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>
<version>5.15.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2．生产者
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.*;
public class AppProducer {
private final static String url = "tcp://127.0.0.1:61616";
private final static String queueName = "queue-test";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1. 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2. 创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3. 启动连接
connection.start();
//4. 创建会话
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5. 创建目标
Destination destination = session.createQueue(queueName);
//6. 创建生产者
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
//7. 创建消息
TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("test_"+i);
//8. 发送消息
producer.send(textMessage);
System.out.println("发送消息: "+textMessage.getText());
}
//9. 关闭连接
session.close();
}
}
查看队列
3．消费者
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.*;
public class AppConsumer {
private final static String url = "tcp://127.0.0.1:61616";
private final static String queueName = "queue-test";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1. 创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2. 创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3. 启动连接
connection.start();
//4. 创建会话
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5. 创建目标
Destination destination = session.createQueue(queueName);
//6. 创建消费者
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
//7. 创建监听器
consumer.setMessageListener((message) -> {
//8. 接收消息
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
try {
System.out.println("接收消息: " + textMessage.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
四、主题模式
1．修改队列名字
private final static String topicName = "topic-test";
2．修改主题
Destination destination = session.createTopic(topicName);
注意： 先启动消费者再启动生产者
五、Spring集成ActiveMQ
- ConnectionFactory 用于管理连接的连接工厂
- JmsTemplate 用于发送和接收消息的模板类,直接处理JMS消息
- MessageListener 消息监听器,实现onMessage(Message msg)方法
1．pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lyf</groupId>
<artifactId>jms-test</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>jms-test</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
<version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.jms-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 非集成环境使用 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>
<version>5.7.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2．消息接口
public interface ProducerService {
void sendMessage(String message);
}
3．生产者
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
@Component
public class ProducerServiceImpl implements ProducerService {
@Autowired
private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;
// @Resource(name = "topicDestination")
@Resource(name = "queueDestination")
private Destination destination;
@Override
public void sendMessage(String message) {
jmsTemplate.send(destination, session -> {
TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage(message);
System.out.println("发送消息: " + textMessage.getText());
return textMessage;
});
}
}
4．消费监听
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
@Component
public class ConsumerMessageListener implements MessageListener{
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message) {
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
try {
System.out.println("接收消息: "+textMessage.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5．spring配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyf" />
<!-- ActiveMQ 提供连接工厂-->
<bean id="amqConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
<property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://http://192.168.184.200:61616"></property>
<property name="userName" value="admin"></property>
<property name="password" value="admin"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置JMS连接 -->
<bean id="connectionFactory"
class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory">
<constructor-arg ref="amqConnectionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义消息队列 -->
<bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
<!-- 设置消息队列的名字 -->
<constructor-arg value="queue"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">
<!-- 设置消息队列的名字 -->
<constructor-arg value="topic"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置JMS模板 -->
<bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置消息队列监听者 -->
<bean id="consumerMessageListener" class="com.lyf.spring.ConsumerMessageListener" />
<!-- 消息监听容器-->
<bean id="queueListenerContainer"
class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
<property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" />
<!--<property name="destination" ref="topicDestination" />-->
<property name="messageListener" ref="consumerMessageListener" />
</bean>
</beans>
6．单元测试
import com.lyf.spring.ProducerServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml"})
public class App {
@Autowired
private ProducerServiceImpl producerService;
@Test
public void producer(){
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
producerService.sendMessage("test_"+i);
}
}
}
六、集群环境
高可用：解决单点故障引起的服务中断
负载均衡：多服务器提供服务，避免单台服务器性能问题
1．集群方式
- Broker cluster：实现负载均衡，通过zookper同步多个Broker之间消息
- Master Slave：实现高可用，Master挂掉，Slave节点变为Master提供服务
| 高可用 | 负载均衡 | |
|---|---|---|
| Master Slave | 是 | 否 |
| Broker Cluster | 否 | 是 |
Master Slave只有一个节点提供服务，Broker Cluster多个节点同时工作
2．高可用和高并发集群
- Node-a 同步消息
- Node-b 和 Node-c 做主从
- 生产者为Node-b和Node-c,三个都可以为消费者
3．集群配置
复制三份activemq分别命名为activemq-a、activemq-b、activemq-c
依次修改jetty.xml中port端口：8161、8162、8163
依次修改activemq.xml中tcp端口：61616、61617、61618,并添加networkConnectors配置:
activemq-a:
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61616?maximumConnections=1000&wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
</transportConnectors>
<networkConnectors>
<networkConnector name="local_network" uri="static:(tcp:127.0.0.1:61617,tcp:127.0.0.1:61618)" />
</networkConnectors>
activemq-b:
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61617?maximumConnections=1000&wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
</transportConnectors>
<networkConnectors>
<networkConnector name="network_a" uri="static:(tcp:127.0.0.1:61616)" />
</networkConnectors>
activemq-c:
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61618?maximumConnections=1000&wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
</transportConnectors>
<networkConnectors>
<networkConnector name="network_b" uri="static:(tcp:127.0.0.1:61616)" />
</networkConnectors>
启动服务
4．客户端配置
ActiveMQ失效转移（failover）允许其中一台消息服务器宕机时，重新连接其他服务器。
生产者
private final static String url = "failover:(tcp://192.168.184.200:61617,tcp://192.168.184.200:61618)?randomize=true";
消费者
private final static String url = "failover:(tcp://192.168.184.200:61616,tcp://192.168.184.200:61617,tcp://192.168.184.200:61618)?randomize=true";