在vue中，_update是最终把vnode节点渲染成真实dom的函数。
它会在首次渲染和数据更新的时候被调用。
这里主要分析首次调用时候做了什么。
_update函数在src/core/instance/lifecycle.js中定义
Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
const vm: Component = this
const prevEl = vm.$el
const prevVnode = vm._vnode
const restoreActiveInstance = setActiveInstance(vm)
vm._vnode = vnode
// Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
// based on the rendering backend used.
if (!prevVnode) {
// initial render
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */)
} else {
// updates
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode)
}
restoreActiveInstance()
// update __vue__ reference
if (prevEl) {
prevEl.__vue__ = null
}
if (vm.$el) {
vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
}
// if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
if (vm.$vnode && vm.$parent && vm.$vnode === vm.$parent._vnode) {
vm.$parent.$el = vm.$el
}
// updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
// updated in a parent's updated hook.
}
可以看到，_update的核心是调用__patch__
它在web环境中的定义src/platforms/web/runtime/index.js
// install platform patch function Vue.prototype.__patch__ = inBrowser ? patch : noop
它指向了patch方法，这次的定义在src/platforms/web/runtime/patch.js
export const patch: Function = createPatchFunction({ nodeOps, modules })
patch接收的是createPatchFunction的返回值
这里传入了一个对象，nodeOps是一系列dom操作方法，modules定义了模块的钩子函数实现
createPatchFunction定义在src/core/vdom/patch.js中，这里patch源码较长，用到哪个贴那个吧
最终执行该函数后，返回了一个patch函数，这个函数就赋值给了vm._update里的vm.__patch__
这里只分析首次调用的情况
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {//1.旧vnode节点，2._render生成的vnode,3.代表是否服务端渲染，4.是给transition-group用的
if (isUndef(vnode)) {
if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
return
}
let isInitialPatch = false
const insertedVnodeQueue = []
if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
// empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
isInitialPatch = true
createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
// patch existing root node
patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
} else {
if (isRealElement) {//这里是首次渲染时isRealElement是true
// mounting to a real element
// check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
// a successful hydration.
if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
hydrating = true
}
if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
return oldVnode
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(
'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
'<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
'full client-side render.'
)
}
}
// either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
// create an empty node and replace it
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)//这里调用emptyNodeAt将oldVnode转换为VNode对象
}
// replacing existing element
const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node
createElm(//这里实际创建真实的dom对象
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
// extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
// leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
// keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
)
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively
if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
let ancestor = vnode.parent
const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
while (ancestor) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
}
ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
if (patchable) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
}
// #6513
// invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
// e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
if (insert.merged) {
// start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
insert.fns[i]()
}
}
} else {
registerRef(ancestor)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// destroy old node
if (isDef(parentElm)) {
removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
}
}
}
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch)
return vnode.elm
}
我们直接看createElm
function createElm (
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
parentElm,
refElm,
nested,
ownerArray,
index
) {
if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
// This vnode was used in a previous render!
// now it's used as a new node, overwriting its elm would cause
// potential patch errors down the road when it's used as an insertion
// reference node. Instead, we clone the node on-demand before creating
// associated DOM element for it.
vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
}
vnode.isRootInsert = !nested // for transition enter check
if (createComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm)) {//这里首先会尝试创建组件
return
}
const data = vnode.data
const children = vnode.children
const tag = vnode.tag
if (isDef(tag)) {//这里判断Vnode是否包含tag,并对其合法性进行简单的校验
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre++
}
if (isUnknownElement(vnode, creatingElmInVPre)) {
warn(
'Unknown custom element: <' + tag + '> - did you ' +
'register the component correctly? For recursive components, ' +
'make sure to provide the "name" option.',
vnode.context
)
}
}
//调用平台方法创建一个占位符元素
vnode.elm = vnode.ns
? nodeOps.createElementNS(vnode.ns, tag)
: nodeOps.createElement(tag, vnode)
setScope(vnode)
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (__WEEX__) {
// in Weex, the default insertion order is parent-first.
// List items can be optimized to use children-first insertion
// with append="tree".
const appendAsTree = isDef(data) && isTrue(data.appendAsTree)
if (!appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)//调用createChildren创建子元素
if (appendAsTree) {
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)//执行所有的create钩子，并push到insertedVnodeQueue中
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)//最后调用insert方法把dom插入到父节点中
}
} else {
createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
if (isDef(data)) {
invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
}
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && data && data.pre) {
creatingElmInVPre--
}
} else if (isTrue(vnode.isComment)) {//如果没传入tag，先判断是不是注释节点，创建注释vnode再插入
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createComment(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
} else {//文本节点直接插入
vnode.elm = nodeOps.createTextNode(vnode.text)
insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
}
}
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) { if (isUndef(vnode)) { if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode) return }
let isInitialPatch = false const insertedVnodeQueue = []
if (isUndef(oldVnode)) { // empty mount (likely as component), create new root element isInitialPatch = true createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue) } else { const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType) if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) { // patch existing root node patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly) } else { if (isRealElement) { // mounting to a real element // check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform // a successful hydration. if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) { oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR) hydrating = true } if (isTrue(hydrating)) { if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) { invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true) return oldVnode } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') { warn( 'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' + 'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' + 'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' + '<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' + 'full client-side render.' ) } } // either not server-rendered, or hydration failed. // create an empty node and replace it oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode) }
// replacing existing element const oldElm = oldVnode.elm const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node createElm( vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, // extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a // leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition + // keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590) oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm, nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm) )
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively if (isDef(vnode.parent)) { let ancestor = vnode.parent const patchable = isPatchable(vnode) while (ancestor) { for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) { cbs.destroy[i](ancestor) } ancestor.elm = vnode.elm if (patchable) { for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) { cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor) } // #6513 // invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks. // e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook. const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert if (insert.merged) { // start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) { insert.fns[i]() } } } else { registerRef(ancestor) } ancestor = ancestor.parent } }
// destroy old node if (isDef(parentElm)) { removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0) } else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) { invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode) } } }
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch) return vnode.elm }