实验二

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <typeinfo>
 3 
 4 // definitation of Graph
 5 class Graph
 6 {
 7 public:
 8     void draw() { std::cout << "Graph::draw() : just as an interface\n"; }
 9 };
10 
11 
12 // definition of Rectangle, derived from Graph
13 class Rectangle : public Graph
14 {
15 public:
16     void draw() { std::cout << "Rectangle::draw(): programs of draw a rectangle\n"; }
17 };
18 
19 
20 // definition of Circle, derived from Graph
21 class Circle : public Graph
22 {
23 public:
24     void draw() { std::cout << "Circle::draw(): programs of draw a circle\n"; }
25 };
26 
27 
28 // definitaion of fun(): as a call interface
29 void fun(Graph *ptr)
30 {
31     std::cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << "\n";
32     std::cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << "\n";
33     ptr -> draw();
34 }
35 
36 // test 
37 int main()
38 {
39     Graph g1;
40     Rectangle r1;
41     Circle c1;
42 
43     // call by object name
44     g1.draw();
45     r1.draw();
46     c1.draw();
47 
48     std::cout << "\n";
49 
50     // call by object name, and using the scope resolution operator::
51     r1.Graph::draw();
52     c1.Graph::draw();
53 
54     std::cout << "\n";
55 
56     // call by pointer to Base class
57     fun(&g1);
58     fun(&r1);
59     fun(&c1);
60 }

没有添加virtual

 

 添加virtual

 

 

* 对于同名的函数，继承类将覆盖基类的函数 * 对于继承的类，可以通过继承类::函数的方式去访问被隐藏的函数 * 在需要基类对象的任何地方,都可以使用公有派生类的对象来替代。 * 在增添了virtual后，fun()函数输出发生了变化。通过重写虚拟函数来实现对基类虚拟函数的覆盖。

实验任务3

battery.hpp

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 using namespace std;
 3 
 4 class Battery{
 5     public:
 6         Battery(int ca = 70) : capacity(ca) {} ;
 7         int get_capacity(){
 8         
 9             return capacity;
10         }
11     private:
12         int capacity;
13 }; 

car.hpp

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 class Car{
 6     public:
 7         Car(string ma, string mo, int y, int od = 0) : maker(ma), model(mo), year(y), odometers(od) {} ;
 8         void info(){
 9             cout<<"maker\t\t"<<maker<<endl;
10             cout<<"model\t\t"<<model<<endl;
11             cout<<"year:\t\t"<<year<<endl;
12             cout<<"odometerd:\t"<<odometers<<endl;
13         }
14         void update_odometers(int od){
15             if(od < odometers)
16                 cout<<"The update_odometers is wrong"<<endl;
17             else
18                 odometers = od;
19         }
20     private:
21         string maker;
22         string model;
23         int year;
24         int odometers;
25 };

electricCar.hpp

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include"battery.hpp"
 3 #include"car.hpp"
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 class ElectricCar : public Car{
 8     public:
 9         ElectricCar(string ma, string mo, int y, int od = 0, int ba = 70) : Car(ma, mo, y, od), battery(ba) {} ;
10         void info(){
11             Car::info();
12             cout<<"capacity:\t"<<battery.get_capacity()<<"-KWh"<<endl;
13         }
14     private:
15         Battery battery;
16 };

task3.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "electricCar.hpp"
 3 
 4 int main()
 5 {
 6     using namespace std;
 7 
 8     // test class of Car
 9     Car oldcar("Audi", "a4", 2019);
10     cout << "--------oldcar's info--------" << endl;
11     oldcar.update_odometers(2500);
12     oldcar.info();
13 
14     cout << endl;
15 
16     // test class of ElectricCar
17     ElectricCar newcar("Tesla", "model s", 2021);
18     newcar.update_odometers(2900);
19     cout << "\n--------newcar's info--------\n";
20     newcar.info();
21 }

 

 

实验任务四

 pets.hpp

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 class MachinePets{
 6     public:
 7         MachinePets(const string s) : nickname(s) {} ;
 8         string get_nickname() const{
 9             return nickname;
10         }
11         virtual string talk() {}; 
12     private:
13         string nickname;
14 };
15 
16 class PetCats : public MachinePets{
17     public:
18         PetCats(const string s) : MachinePets(s) {} ;
19         string talk(){
20             return "miao wu~";
21         }
22 };
23 
24 class PetDogs : public MachinePets{
25     public:
26         PetDogs(const string s) : MachinePets(s) {} ;
27         string talk(){
28             return "wang wang~";
29         }
30 };

task4.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "pets.hpp"
 3 
 4 void play(MachinePets *ptr)
 5 {
 6     std::cout << ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << std::endl;
 7 }
 8 
 9 int main()
10 {
11     PetCats cat("miku");
12     PetDogs dog("da huang");
13 
14     play(&cat);
15     play(&dog);
16 }